A Brief Note On The Blood Glucose Concentration

The body maintains blood glucose at first, by an increase in insulin levels to lower the blood glucose levels back to its optimum range (4-6mM (milli Moles per Litre) or set point (5mM (milli Moles per Litre) after a meal. The homeostatic system then starts secreting alpha cells in the pancreas to stimulate glucagon to break down stored glycogen and converting it to glucose in the liver to be used. 6 hours after having a meal the cells continues

There are two main lab tests that can be done to confirm the diagnosis of both types of Diabetes. The first is a Plasma Glucose test. In this procedure, a small drop of blood is taken and the glucose is measured. In a random blood glucose test (non-fasting), a result of 200 mg/dl or higher is indicative of Type I diabetes (Khardori, 2015). In a fasting blood glucose test (patient does not eat for at least 8 hours before the test), a result of 125 mg/dl or higher is indicative of Type I diabetes (Khardori, 2015). The second blood test for diabetes that is available is an HbA1c test. This test gives the provider a good estimate of the blood glucose levels over the past 120 days (Khardori, 2015). For this test, any result over 6.5% is considered indicative of Diabetes.

Your blood glucose level is tested 2 hours after you start eating a meal. This test is done to see how well your body responds to glucose and starch (carbohydrates) after you eat a meal.

blood samples were collected to study glucose first-pass uptake after [13C6]-glucose feeding and intravenous [6,6-2

Blood glucose is the amount of concentration of sugar in a person’s blood stream. It is an energy source for the body’s cells, tissues and other body organs such as the brain, liver and intestines. When a body is at rest a person’s blood glucose can vary from low to high throughout the day. An example of low levels, also known as hypoglycemia, is when a person wakes up. Whereas high levels, also known as hyperglycemia, is an example of eating a carbohydrate meal. Depending on health, people have different blood glucose level. A non-diabetic person’s blood glucose is 4.4 millimol per Liter (mmol/L) – 5.5mmol/L while a diabetic person’s blood glucose level is over 7.0 mmol/L.

CGM is a debatable topic in the patients where tight glycemic control (TGC) regimens are required. There are few studies available supporting the use of CGM for glucose monitoring in case of inpatients. However data from these studies are not consistent. Nurses should also skilled

Because the transporters for glucose to be stored and metabolised are Insulin dependent in most areas of the body (except the Blood Brain Barrier), an absence or deficiency in Insulin results in Increased levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes is diagnosed when the blood glucose level of a normal healthy individual is above 11.1mmol/l and in a fasting state above 7mmol/l. Diabetes can occur because of two factors:

You may even be asked to fast before every glucose test to get a more accurate reading of how your body functions with and without food. The way glucose can be monitored are of the following test: Saliva (The saliva is tested to read the level of glucose, which there should be none because your body should excrete the sugar and not withholding it), Earlobe ( A device is placed on the earlobe and uses ultrasonic, electromagnetic and thermal technologies to determine crystallization of sugar, which can be a sign of KetoAcidosis (a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids), and Glucose Meter ( medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood). Monitoring glucose is one of the most important factors of controlling Hyper and HypoGlycemia. When attempting to regulate blood glucose there are four main instruments: Glucose Monitor, Glucose Testing Strips, Lancets, and Glucose Draw tool. The glucose monitor reads the glycemia levels in mg/dl (Milligram per

Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterised by the body’s inability to produce insulin or the ineffective use of insulin present in the body. The major classifications include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (Day, Paul, & Williams, 2016). While early signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus may be present in individuals, the healthcare provider must perform several diagnostic tests in order to properly diagnose the disease and come up with a plan of treatment. There are a variety of serum glucose tests available to help diagnose prediabetes and diabetes

Glucose levels rise after eating, which is when receptors in the pancreas detect the increase. The pancreas releases a hormone called 'insulin '. The liver and muscles use the insulin to extract glucose from the blood to form a larger molecule called 'glycogen ', which is then stored in the liver. The maintained release of the two hormones 'glucagon ' and 'insulin ' keep the glucose levels in the blood fairly constant. People with Type 2 Diabetes are unable to keep glucose levels constant because the hormone insulin is ineffective.

Our whole project is surrounded around blood glucose level changes due exercise and serving size, so that brings about the question of what is blood glucose? Blood glucose is the sugar that is moved throughout the bloodstream to provide energy to all cells in the body. In simple terms, it is very important biological occurrence that drives the body by giving it the raw energy to power all the body’s functions. To test for this occurrence, there are two main methods to test for the levels of blood glucose in the bloodstream. One method is having the blood drawn intravenously, getting blood drawn using a needle, and sending it to a lab to conduct the action. The other method that is much more convenient and less costly is using

6 hours after the test, the blood glucose levels will look different for each patient. They will look close to what they looked like at time 0. Patient 1 will have a blood glucose level near 90.6 (mg/dl) and patient 2 will have a blood glucose level above 134 (mg/dl) (considering they continue to fast). This is because the body will continue to utilize the glucose in the bloodstream. The patient without diabetes will maintain homeostasis by using the hormone “glucagon.” Glucagon messages the liver to start breaking down glycogen and put glucose into the bloodstream. Patient 2 will not use stored glycogen and will slowly utilize the glucose already in the blood stream.

Several studies have been done regarding the statistical and clinical accuracy of the home based glucose meters when the blood glucose level is in the hypoglycemic range, during the last two decades.

Following this, 200 μl Glucose Reagent (containing buffer, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD+, ATP and Mg2+) was added within a period of 90s to each of the samples of glucose standard as well as serum samples. All mixtures were finally incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes, and the serum glucose level of fasting for the three subjects retrieved using a colorimetric method. (Kim et al., 2016)

Insulin is the primary factor which controls the storage and metabolism of ingested metabolic fuels. Insulin production is more or less constant within the beta cells, irrespective of blood glucose levels. It is stored within vacuoles and released by exocytosis. The release of the hormone is triggered due to rise in blood glucose levels after eating. The carbohydrates present in food are converted to glucose and absorbed in blood and used by the body as fuel. Insulin is the principal hormone released into the blood by beta cells that regulates glucose uptake from the blood into most cells (primarily muscle and fat cells). Insulin is also responsible for conversion of glucose to glycogen for internal storage in liver and muscle cells. Lowered