A Brief Note On The Current Pinnacle Of Big Data Technology

Hadoop \cite{white2012hadoop} is an open-source framework for distributed storage and data-intensive processing, first developed by Yahoo!. It has two core projects: Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and MapReduce programming model \cite{dean2008mapreduce}. HDFS is a distributed file system that splits and stores data on nodes throughout a cluster, with a number of replicas. It provides an extremely reliable, fault-tolerant, consistent, efficient and cost-effective way to store a large amount of data. The MapReduce model consists of two key functions: Mapper and Reducer. The Mapper processes input data splits in parallel through different map tasks and sends sorted, shuffled outputs to the Reducers that in turn groups and processes them using a reduce task for each group.

MapReduce Parallel programming model if we ever get a chance. In Hadoop, there are two nodes in the cluster when using the algorithm, Master node and Slave node. Master node runs Namenode, Datanode, Jobtracker and Task tracker processes. Slave node runs the Datanode and Task tracker processes. Namenode manages partitioning of input dataset into blocks and on which node it has to store. Lastly, there are two core components of Hadoop: HDFS layer and MapReduce layer. The MapReduce layer read from and write into HDFS storage and processes data in parallel.

The Hadoop employs MapReduce paradigm of computing which targets batch-job processing. It does not directly support the real time query execution i.e OLTP. Hadoop can be integrated with Apache Hive that supports HiveQL query language which supports query firing, but still not provide OLTP tasks (such as updates and deletion at row level) and has late response time (in minutes) due to absence of pipeline

An important characteristic of Hadoop is the partitioning of data and computation across many (thousands) of hosts, and the execution of application computations in parallel close to their data. A Hadoop cluster scales computation capacity, storage capacity and I/O bandwidth by simply adding commodity servers. Hadoop clusters at Yahoo! span 40,000 servers, and store 40 petabytes of application data, with the largest cluster

Hadoop is a free, Java-based programming framework that supports the processing of large data sets in a Parallel and distributed computing environment. It makes Use of the commodity hardware Hadoop is Highly Scalable and Fault Tolerant. Hadoop runs in cluster and eliminates the use of a Super computer. Hadoop is the widely used big data processing engine with a simple master slave setup. Big Data in most companies are processed by Hadoop by submitting the jobs to Master. The Master distributes the job to its cluster and process map and reduce tasks sequencially.But nowdays the growing data need and the and competition between Service Providers leads to the increased submission of jobs to the Master. This Concurrent job submission on Hadoop forces us to do Scheduling on Hadoop Cluster so that the response time will be acceptable for each job.

Listed below are the concepts that should be learned in order to properly understand HADOOP technology.

Research topic was derived from the understanding of query processing in MySQL and Hadoop, the database performance issues, performance tuning and the importance of database performance. Thus, it was decided to develop a comparative analysis to observe the effectiveness of the performance of MySQL (non cluster) and Hadoop in structured and unstructured dataset (Rosalia, 2015). Furthermore, the analysis included a comparison between those two platforms in two variance of data size.

In an attempt to manage their data correctly, organizations are realizing the importance of Hadoop for the expansion and growth of business. According to a study done by Gartner, an organization loses approximately 8.2 Million USD annually through poor data quality. This happens when 99 percent of the organizations have their data strategies in place. The reason behind this is simple – the organizations are unable to trace the bad data that exists within their data. This is one problem which can be easily solved by adopting Hadoop testing methods which allows you to validate all of your data at increased testing speeds and boosts your data coverage resulting in better data quality.

For analysis, advanced statistical tools are used and the experimenter can draw necessary conclusions and inferences. In business sectors, they have a huge amount of scattered data in terms of profits, loss, demand, supply, sales and production. The industrial, insurance, agricultural, banking, information technology, food industry, telecommunication, retail, utilities, travel, pharmacy and many more have challenges to manage their data. As the coin always has two sides, there are both advantages and a few disadvantages of data analysis. The key advantages of data analysis are- The organizations can immediately come across errors, the service provided after optimizing the system using data analysis reduces the chances of failure, saves time and leads to advancement. It is also used to compare strategies between two companies so as to reduce the prices and gaining attention of target customers, ultimately leading to maximization of profit and minimization of cost(as done in Game Theory). However, big data analysis sometimes becomes more tedious and disadvantageous because it uses software Hadoop which requires special provisions in the computers. For now use of Hadoop for real-time analysis is not available. The manner in which the data is collected and the decision making view can vary from one person to another. Here, the quality of data gets affected and leaves the data insufficient or inefficient. In order to tackle this problem, the researcher must be professional, well experienced and should have deep knowledge about the characteristic under study. Also, we need to update data from time to time so as to avoid the changes in trend caused by the past data especially, for the rapidly growing

SAS has many different products that their customers can use at the same time. For example, their customers will access to SAS and Hadoop at the same time if need be. Hadoop is an open source, Java based framework that allows customers to analyze LARGE portions or data at once. It is a data system used

Hadoop is one of the open source frameworks, is used as extension to big data analytics framework which are used by a large group of vendors. This type of framework makes work easy for the companies how they?re going to store and can use the data within the digital products as well as physical products (James, M. et al. 2011). We can analyze data using Hadoop, which is emerging as solution to

Optimization of existing data warehouse using Hadoop (HDFS) can be implemented by following below seven steps or fundamental processes which are divided into 2 phases.

Hadoop is an open-source framework which is used for processing and analyzing big data. It consists of a Hadoop Distributed File system and MapReduce. (‘Data Lake’, 2015)

Over the years it has become very essential to process large amounts of data with high precision and speed. This large amounts of data that can no more be processed using the Traditional Systems is called Big Data. Hadoop, a Linux based tools framework addresses three main problems faced when processing Big Data which the Traditional Systems cannot. The first problem is the speed of the data flow, the second is the size of the data and the last one is the format of data. Hadoop divides the data and computation into smaller pieces, sends it to different computers, then gathers the results to combine them and sends it to the application. This is done using Map Reduce and HDFS i.e., Hadoop Distributed File System. The data node and the name node part of the architecture fall under HDFS.

Business analysts, Data scientists, Data analysts, Statisticians, want to analyze the data for collecting the important characteristics of the data set. In 2004 Google introduced MapReduce. It simplified the data processing on a large cluster. But many organizations have only few developers who can write good MapReduce code, which is written in java. (MapReduce can be written in other languages).