A Brief Note On The Most Beautiful Grandma

Many of us take people in our lives for granted and don’t realize how important

Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, is a form of arthritis characterized by the breakdown of cartilage within joints. Cartilage serves to provide cushion at the ends of bones, and when the cushion is not sufficient, as in osteoarthritis, the bones rub together. As a result, osteoarthritis sufferers are constantly plagued by stiff, swollen, and inflamed joints (http://www.arthritis.org/answers/diseasecenter/oa.asp). It is a relatively common condition, with an estimated 20 million American sufferers, most of whom are elderly (http://webmd.lycos.com/content/article/1668.50297). Traditional treatments include Tylenol, aspirin, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

As stated earlier, the patient admitting challenge was right total knee replacement related to history of osteoarthritis as evidenced by unrelieved pain. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease that “results from cartilage damage that triggers a metabolic response at the level of the chondrocytes” (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Barry, Goldsworthy & Goodridge, 2011, p. 1881). As it progress, it causes the cartilage to become “dull, yellow, and granular” instead of being “smooth, white, translucent” (Lewis et al., 2011; Gulanick & Myers, 2014, p. 1881).As a result, it eventually becomes softer, less elastic, and less capable to resist wear during heavy use. Moreover, as the “central cartilage becomes thinner, cartilage and bony growth increases at the joint margins … that results to uneven distribution of stress across the joint” that contributes to a decrease in motion. (Lewis et al., 2011; Gulanick & Myers, 2014, p. 1882). According to this patient, OA has been giving her pain for about two years that lead her to the decision of having the knee replacement.

Disease/Disorder: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, age-related inflammatory joint disease of the synovial joints. Its characteristics include local areas of loss and damage of articular cartilage, new bone formation of joint margins, subchondral bone changes, synovitis and thickening of the joint capsule. It is typically found in the hands, knees, hips, and spine. OA is often associated with wear and tear therefore symptoms improve with rest (Walker, 2011).

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. The prevalent population suffering from OA is the elderly, but it may afflict a person of any age, especially upon injury of the joint. This ailment will usually affect loan bearing joints such as the knee or hips, but it can affect any joint. OA is the breakdown of the protective cartilage within the joint, and the patient will suffer from pain, swelling and/or stiffness of the joint, and a decreased range of motion at the joint. These symptoms can have a debilitating effect on a patient by making menial tasks suck as walking, climbing stairs, or even rising out of bed or a chair difficult. Currently, there are various treatment options available for OA but no cure exists; therefore,

Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease caused by mechanical wear and tear. Damage manifest as breakdown of cartilage, injury of subhondral bone and changes to all articular surfaces. it presents as pain in weight bearing joints that worsen with use. The joints that are mostly affected are the distal interphalanges, knees, hips, toes and spine [1]. Knee osteoarthritis is suspected after a medical history and physical examination is done. During the physical examination the doctor will examine the knee and its series of motion. He will pay close attention to areas that are swollen, tender and painful [2]. There are a variety of diagnostic tests that may help confirm the diagnosis if patient’s knee is affected. There is X-ray that

Osteoarthritis knee is the common form of arthritis; it causes degeneration of knee joints. It develops when cartilage, the lining of joints that allows smooth movement between opposing bones, starts to break down, especially in the elderly. Swelling and inflammation in the affected knee joint are a major cause of pain and disability.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs when the protective cartilage on the ends of your bones wears down over time. Osteoarthritis often gradually worsens, and no cure exists. But staying active, maintaining a healthy weight and other treatments may slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function. Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in your joints gradually deteriorates. Cartilage is a firm, slippery tissue that permits nearly frictionless joint motion. In osteoarthritis, the slick surface of the cartilage becomes rough. Eventually, if the cartilage wears down completely, you may be left with bone rubbing on bone. These symptoms can develop slowly and worsen

Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint arthritis or “wear and tear” arthritis, is characterized by a significant deficit in cartilage, which subsequently leads to disruption of the structure and function of synovial joints. It is characterized by loss and erosion of articular cartilage, subchondral sclerosis, and bone overgrowth (osteophytes). It is by and large the most common joint disease, as nearly one in two people may develop symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, and one in four may develop painful hip arthritis, in both cases by the age of 85 years.

It is degenerative joint disease or degenerative arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA). It is the most common chronic condition of the joints. It affects any joint, but it occurs most often in knees, hips, lower back and neck, small joints of the fingers and the bases of the thumb and big toe. The rubbery material called cartiliage covers the end of each bones and acts as a cushion between the bones. The cartilage breaks down in OA, causing pain, swelling and problems moving the joint. Over the time as it worsens, bones may break down and develop growths called spurs. Bone or cartilage may break and float around in the joint. During an inflammatory process cytokines (proteins) and enzymes develop that further damage the cartilage. In

Osteoarthritis indicates joint disorders, characterized by symptoms of pain and stiffness. It includes metabolic processes of destruction and reparation. Osteoarthritis is classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. primary OA of the knee is a process of degeneration of the articular surface occurs without an obvious underlying abnormality. The manifestations of OA arise from high stresses on the normal joints or normal stresses on weakened joints, increasing in severity and frequency with age. The most commonly affected joints with osteoarthritis are large, weight-bearing joints, such as the knee and hip, and also smaller joints in the hands, feet. Unfortunately, treating articular

Osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disease, the degeneration of the joint cartilage and the underlying bone. Usually osteoarthritis is mostly found in the knee, hip, and hand. This disease is more common in people over the age of fifty and is also more likely in women than men. This disease generally develops over several years. Symptoms can often remain stable for long periods of time during this period of time.

The patient may also complain of crepitation being heard during movement due to irregularity of the joint surfaces in the knee gliding over one another. Knee osteoarthritis is characterized by structural changes in the knee seen on radiographs involving loss of articular cartilage, joint space loss, and the presence of osteophytes.3 Primary care providers is the ones who primarily manage osteoarthritis with conservative and pharmacological treatments. Conservative treatment consists of exercise, strength training, and weight loss in order to reduce pain and progression of the disease. However, many conservative treatments fail over time and pharmacological treatment is needed to reduce pain in the patient.1 This literature review will look into the knee portal techniques, corticosteroid injections, and hyaluronic acid injections for knee

Osteoarthritis is a condition where joint and bone cartilage start to deteriorate. This is can be caused by age, injury in joint areas, and genetics. There is no known cure for Osteoarthritis, but recommended treatments such as, exercise, physical therapy, stretching, can help minimize the symptoms. Osteoarthritis is more commonly found in the elderly, women, people who are obese, people who have had an injury in the joint areas, people who worked in certain occupations, and those who have been born with bone deformities.

Osteoarthritis is a non-inflammatory, degenerative disease of the joints. It is the most common rheumatic disorder in older adults and results in degeneration of the protective cartilage over time. This disease is characterized by chronic pain, stiffness and functional impairment. The joints most commonly affected are those that are weight bearing; including the hips, knees and spine. This disorder is asymmetrical and localized to a specific joint. Therefore, functional impairment and quality of life are primary concerns. While there is no definitive cure for this