A Brief Note On Water Supply And Sanitation

In this day and age, it is very common for things to be handed over without a struggle. With this, many necessities are taken for granted. New York is notorious for its cheap and amazing water quality. The NYC drinking water supply system is currently the largest high-quality unfiltered water supply in the United States. Although most people around the world, but more specifically in NYC have clean and unlimited access to water, this was not always the case. It took many years and extremely hard work for New York to have the clean running water it has today.

My interest in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) begun when I was working with the Red Cross in a post disaster rehabilitation project in coastal areas of my home country, Bangladesh. The 2007 cyclone contaminated about 70% of the water sources in the affected communities resulting an outbreak of waterborne diseases. I observed the challenges of providing safe drinking water to the victims which motivated me to pursue my career in this field. By training I am a Civil and Environmental Engineer with a MS in Water Resources Development (WRD). Currently pursuing my second master’s in Environmental Studies from Florida International University (FIU). I have worked in the WASH sector for seven years with different organizations and in a variety of contexts, including emergency response, refugee settings, urban slums and regular development programs. To prepare myself for addressing global WASH challenges and to hone my acquired skills, I want to pursue a PhD in the Environmental Health Sciences (EHS) program. My qualifications, both from an academic background and practical experience, makes me a competent candidate for the program.

One of the most studied phenomena in political science is how some countries were able to develop into rich nations while some remained underdeveloped and poor. While the answer to this important question is so unique and complex that it may never be answered, there are some policies that may help a country to develop. One of which is the proper use of foreign aid. Bolivia, like many of the counties in Latin America, is considered to be an LDC with its deeply rooted issued of severe poverty. The country receives large amounts of foreign aid, and even with the reception of foreign aid, Bolivia has seen insignificant changes to its developmental level due to the misuse of funds. The USAID has decided to restore ties with Bolivia and grant the country $1 million. In this paper I will suggest that the grant of these funds is to be used to provide clean sources of water and sanitation for the Bolivian people. In the construction of this argument, I will begin with a broad summary of Bolivia’s developmental status, along with its nature, and the effect it has on its citizens. Next, I will outline that the channeling of these funds will through NGOs and will go towards the building of water purification and sanitation systems in both urban and rural areas. Third, I will explain why this form of aid is the most effective method that will help Bolivia to overcome its lack of development. I conclude that this particular approach to aiding Bolivia will offer and institute

The petitioner, Los Angeles County Flood Control District (District), controls a municipal separate store sewer system, also known as MS4, which was discharging polluted storm water into four rivers (Los Angeles River, San Gabriel River, Santa Clara River and Malibu Creek) that exceeded pollutant standards into navigable waters beginning 2002 or 2003. The MS4 is a system of conveyances that is designed to collect polluted storm water and discharge the water into navigable waters. It is not a combined sewer or a part of a sewage treatment plant. MS4 operates are required by the Clean Water Act (CWA) to obtain a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination system (NPDES) permit before discharging water. The respondents, Natural

In today’s world, the access to clean water is unspeakably easy. Technology has revolutionized what it means to get clean water that is safe to drink, shower in, and play in. The water that is consumed by humans comes from water treatment plants, making it perfectly safe. Many people don’t think about where their water comes from, or the process it has to go through in order for it to be consumable. However, many countries do not have access to clean drinking water. In other places, people have to clean their own water using the sun to kill bacteria. This process is called the SODIS process.

Many countries in the world today deal with countless amounts of issues that seem impossible to solve. One of these issues is clean water and sanitation. A good amount of countries in the world do not have water that is suitable for drinking. It is believed that having the access to water, hygiene and sanitation is a human right, but so many people in our world today to not have access to any of these. Clean water is considered water that you are able to use safely without worrying about the risk of health issues. About 1.8 billion people around the world only have access to drinking water that is contaminated with feces (United Nations, 2015). Sanitation can be defined as the importance of hygiene and prohibiting disease by maintenance of sanitary conditions. Around 2.4 billion people do not have access to sanitation services, like toilets (United Nations, 2015). The lack of water impacts more than 40 percent of the world and is supposed to rise (United Nations, 2015). A little over 80 percent of contaminated water comes from human activities and is dumped into the oceans and rivers without any treatment to filter it, which leads to pollution. The United Nations mentions that “water scarcity, poor water quality and inadequate sanitation negatively impact food security, livelihood choices and educational opportunities for poor families across the world. Drought afflicts some of the world’s poorest countries, worsening hunger and

Have you ever had a dog that gets their water bowl dirty or spills the water? Dogs need water all the time and every day of their life, but it has to be fresh, clean water. Clean water is very important to animals, especially dogs because they exercise and run so much. If they don’t get enough water, they can get dehydrated or even die. Some people don’t give dogs clean enough water or even not enough. The cleanness of water is very important to dogs, dogs help with hunting and sports, they also can be trained or be taught to do something, but the can also get very dehydrated or get very ill.

Water is the most abundant resource that the Earth needs to sustain itself and all the life with it. Based on prior knowledge, about 70 percent of our body is made up from water; and ideally, we are supposed to drink half a gallon of water per day. So, why is water so important and why do we need to sustain it? It is pretty simple, without water, we die. Nearly every species on Earth requires water to live, so a balance needs to be met by humans in order for other species to thrive and for all to live in harmony with clean water. People are generally educated to an extent on the effects of not drinking enough water and/or not drinking clean water. If we do not consume water every single day, our bodies go into dehydration which can lead to serious consequences if not addressed properly or on time; and drinking dirty water can also cause unwanted medical issues as well. We have a basic understanding of what happens to us when we do not have adequate water, but water is used for many other things on Earth, vital to not only us, but the planet itself and other organisms it houses.

Looking at societies in different areas throughout the Earth leads one to realize that different societies and the people within these societies are inherently predisposed to different conditions and resources then others. This revelation also leads one to understand that the societies throughout the world are not equal in what resources they have access to and that the individuals in a society may be limited in what their government gives them or allows them to receive. A huge point of inequality on Earth is the reasonable accessibility to clean water. Water can logically be thought of equating to life and the inequality of the reasonable accessibility to clean water, which is in my opinion a human necessity and a basic human right, is something which can only be viewed as atrocious; especially sense water in certain areas of the world is used in such a nonchalant manner. Understanding the inequality of the reasonable accessibility to clean water requires the understanding that clean water equates to water that is drinkable and not hazardous, reasonable means sensible or rational, and that accessible means easily gathered or recuperated; leading to the understanding that the reasonable accessibility to clean water means the availability of a sensible amount of easily recuperated safe drinking water; with a sensible amount of clean water being enough for showering, cleaning, and drinking to sustain a healthy life. The inequality of reasonable accessibility to clean water can

A direct relationship exists between water, sanitation, health, nutrition and human well being. Consumption of contaminated drinking water, improper disposal of human excreta, lack of personal and food hygiene and improper disposal of solid and liquid waste have been the major causes of diseases in our country. There has been a key focus in various government programmes like the Total Sanitation Campaign to spread the message of maintaining personal hygiene for reducing water pollution. Better linkages between ministries of health and rural development for developing programmes to solve problems of drinking water and health will be useful.

Having clean water cannot be exaggerated when it comes to prevent diseases and death. Clean water and sanitization are important elements to ensure human health. The same is right for appropriate wastewater management, which is a basic requirement for environmental health. Indeed, human and environment health impact not only on human but also effect the world economic outcomes.

On a hot day in Vacaville, California; the majority of its residents can enjoy a refreshing tall glass of water, straight out of a faucet, and enjoy it over a stack of frozen clean ice. This luxury of clean water comes even when the state has been in a severe drought for several years. This drought condition is caused when precipitation is 70% lower and evaporation is hogher than normal in an area that is not normally considered dry, such as in a desert (Miller & Spoolman, 2013). This can go on for what seems to be an indefinite amount of time. The majority of cities in California have this luxury, for which they pay for via tax dollars and with a general purpose water bill. The water is not endless and does not come from an aquifer or the ground. The water Vacaville residents enjoy comes from three primary water sources that combine together to create that readily available tall glass of water.

A & N Technical Services Inc, Maureen Erbeznik & Associates, M.Cubed, and Gary Fiske & Associates, 2013. Analysis of Water Use Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarking. Funded by Bureau of Reclamation. Mesa Water District, USA

Millions of people lack access to safe, sufficient and affordable water, sanitation and hygiene facilities that are accessible and within easy reach for all. This has a devastating effect on the health, dignity and prosperity of these people, especially for the most disadvantaged. This lack of access also has significant consequences for the realisation of other human rights.

areas. The Urban areas are in Dhaka, Khulna and Chittagong Metropolitan Cities and the rural areas are Jessore, Gazipur, Netrokona, Kishoregonj, Naryangonj, Narshindi and Sunamgonj district. Many researches on micro credit show that the programs have effectively reduced poverty of people with skill to become self-employed. DSK has started micro credit through Grameen model replication in year 1992 in one of the Dhaka city slums, since than it has served 838,338 families and has disbursed Tk. 17,407,709,500 as loan. During DSK’s decade of operation it has piloted a number of microcredit delivery methods to evolve an appropriate system to serve the poorest effectively.( Jinia,2016)