A Case Control Study On Birth Defects

The Birth Defects Registry is operated by the US by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Besides the CDC, there are other non-profit institutions that monitor birth defect data, an example of these organizations is the National Birth Defect Registry.

The societal pendulum is swinging back toward nature and away from the synthetic. How often growing up did you hear commercials touting chemicals as the lifesaving answer to

od created mankind as moral beings and to share His ways with others through compassionate care (Shelly & Miller, 2006). The fetal abnormality case study tells the story of Marco and Jessica, a couple from Mexico who have been living in the U.S. for three years. The couple had worked hard since their move to the U.S. and is now able to afford their own apartment. Prior to moving to their new place, Jessica finds out that they’re pregnant. Tests revealed the fetus had undeveloped arms and the possibility of Down syndrome. The couple is faced with a moral dilemma in contemplating their options. This paper will examine how this couple, their doctor and a family member determine moral status and express their perspective of the pregnancy.

The first major medical problem for salon workers are miscarriages and children having problems once they are born. The chemicals from the products used can affect the baby months before it is due. Maslin Nir interviewed a woman named Ms. Rocano, and she recounts what her doctor had told her: “When babies are forming in your womb, they absorb everything, and if they are exposed to anything, it can cause them harm,” (Maslin Nir 208). One chemical that is believed to specifically cause these problems is Dibutyl Phthalate, which, in small amounts, is used in nail polishes and polish hardener. Another chemical that can affect a woman’s pregnancy is Ethyl methacrylate also known as EMA, which is known to

to not drink, smoke, or abuse drugs. Drinks lots of water to stay hydrated, exercise as much as possible, and to take pre-natal vitamins.

Smoking and illicit drugs play a factor in birth defects. Smoking can cause low- birth weight, heart disease, respiratory issues and, have been linked to cleft palate. Poor control of diabetes is a major risk factor of birth defects. Women who do not get screened or remain in compliance with treatment recommendations suffer and as a result infants die because of poorly control

“No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people have done it themselves.” In the descriptive nonfiction, anchor text, “from a Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson she explains the effects of the chemical used by humans called Pesticides. This man made chemical is designed to kill crop eating insects, but they can be toxic to many including humans. Pesticides cause vegetation to wither and streams to become contaminated.

Every year in the United States around 120,000 infants are born with defects(1). This means that 1 in every 33 babies are born with a harmful defect(1). These children face many hardships throughout their lives. A birth defects is any physical or biochemical abnormality that is present at birth and that may be inherited or the result of an environmental influence. These defects can range from mild to severe based on each case. Children born with defects do not normally live the average life span and their life is filled with challenges and hardships. Birth defects are the leading cause for infant death in the United States. These children get shunned in today’s society. If or when they go to

One of the most common genetic birth defects is Down syndrome which is a congenital disorder caused from a chromosome defect. It causes impairments and physical abnormalities. This is a condition where a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), 1 in 700 babies are born with DS. There is not an exact cause of how DS happens but there is an explanation as to what happens. When there is any case of reproduction, genes from both parents are passed to the children. Within these genes there are chromosomes and the child is supposed to receive 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 total. Children with DS end up with 3 copies or an extra partial copy of chromosome 21 instead of 2

In the case study, “Fetal Abnormality” provided by Grand Canyon University (GCU) (n.d.) the four characters exhibit differing influences and worldview theories. The first character is a 30-year old immigrant named Jessica who is exhibiting signs of multiple worldviews (Modern western, Christian, and Materialistic worldview). In the case study, Jessica actions point to a modern western worldview because the influence of dualism is in play. History has shown that dualistic thinking has put a hard line between spirit and matter (Shelly & Miller, 2006). Jessica is torn between two dividing options that she is having a hard time choosing from. On the one hand, her Christian worldview is pulling her to one side with the belief that life is

Introduction Severe abnormalities discovered during prenatal screening, can create a dilemma for the parents as well the medical practitioners. According to Warren (1997), " Moral status is a means of specifying entities or beings towards which we believe ourselves to have moral obligations, as well as something of what we take those obligations to be " (p. 9). This paper will explore the moral status of the fetus based on the five moral theories, “human properties”, “cognitive properties”, “moral agency”, “sentience” and “relationships”. Fetal Abnormality Case Study The actors in this case study Jessica, Marco, Aunt Maria and Dr. Wilson all have varying beliefs on the moral status of the fetus, but ultimately Jessica and Marco have to decide

Mammary glands are activated by hormones in puberty. They consist of 15 to 24 lobes when a woman reaches the age of 35 the mammary glands gradually shrink making the milk ducts also shrink. The breasts change during a normal menstrual cycle, fluctuating hormones are the cause of this. Tenderness and swelling are due to hormones rising and falling. The breast ducts of women enlarge because of oestrogen. A woman’s breasts feel sore due to the milk glands swelling because of the production of progesterone. When a woman has stopped having her menstrual cycle. Hormone levels drop making the breast tissues less fatty and dense.

If the mother doesn't eat well it can impact her baby's health environment, because your baby needs nutritious to live. Smoking can make your baby have birth defects because the lack of clean oxygen getting to the baby. Lots of things can hurt the environment for your baby, but most of the causes of defects in babies are due to the mother not staying healthy, but they could be the healthiest person in the world and your baby would still come out with a defect it's very random. Avoiding deli meats to be safe because the risk might be small, but getting Listeria infection when pregnant can lead to a miscarriage, premature delivery, and infection in the child.

1. How does the class-presented case study of birth defects draw together and demonstrate each of the goals of epidemiologists (15 points)?

There is no doubt that our knowledge of science and scientific procedures have changed over time. As new tools and technologies that appeared during the 20th century, chemistry, physics, biology, and other sciences were able to grow and develop at a faster pace. These advances in science have helped humanity by increasing living standards and have brought more widespread wellness to society. For instance, because of the existence of chemistry, society has been provided with more advanced medicine, fabrics for clothes, plastics, rubber, componds of personal care products, parts of cars, home appliances, computers and more. Society has benefited from chemistry; however, our environment is harmed by the consequences of chemistry as well. “Many chemicals are used to improve the quality of our lives, and most are not harmful to the environment or human health. However, some chemicals have the potential to cause harm…” (Government of Canada, 2011).