A Case Study Anencephaly

A commonly known procedure when it comes to hospital births are epidurals. An epidural is an injection of a drug between the “epidural space” which causes

Anencephaly is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by absence of the cerebrum and cerebellum, as well as the top of the skull, resulting in exposure of the brain stem. Even though the brain stem is exposed this does not mean that the babies brain or head is completely missing. This is considered one of the more serious birth defects that a baby can have because they baby will never have the brain power to grow and become an adult. Many of these babies are exposed to various infections and will only live up to one week even though some have lived up to one year at the most. Anencephalics are seen as a huge source of organ donation because they are not damaged like other babies such as babies who have been abused or babies that have been in car accidents. Many of these babies that need the organs of anencephalics are usually the ones who have heart defects. Parents such as Laura Campo heard about this type of donor possibility when she was pregnant at twenty four weeks and found out about her child being anencephalic there was no way for her to abort the baby because she was too far along. This resulted in Laura Campo going to the Florida District Court but since Laura’s baby girl who she named Theresa, by Harvard Law was not brain dead they were not allowed to use her organs for donation. The judge Estella Moriarty was begged by the family to pronounce her brain dead so they could save another child’s life but instead Theresa’s organs began to fail. Once her

Organ Transplant of Infants with Anencephaly: Anencephaly is described as neural tube defect that has severe limits on the lifespan of affected infants. The condition is likely to contribute to the failure of the neural tissue to an extent that it can completely close at the cephalic end of the neural system. This medical condition in infants tends to occur between the third and fourth week of a woman's pregnancy resulting in the absence of the cerebral cortex though the brain stem remains intact. While the brain stem manages autonomic functions like blood pressure and heart rate, the cerebral cortex is in charge of functions like purposeful actions, memories, consciousness, and emotions. Infants with these conditions who are born alive tend to have a basic brain stem that can support reflex action like breathing as well as certain reactions to touch or sound. There are several arguments that have been raised regarding the use organs of anencephalic infants who are born alive to save the lives of other newborns. These arguments have emerged because of the consideration that infants with anencephaly are not persons.

Prenatal Case Study Camille Agbuya, Rebecca Alexander, Lauryn Bachmeier, Ania Bedrosia, Jade Nicole Belle The University of Nevada, Las Vegas Teresa’s 24-hour Diet Intake Nutrients | Nutrient Vitamin/ Mineral Consumed by Jamie | Requirement of Nutrient/ Vitamin/ mineral | Excess or Deficit Found in Analysis(not by + or -) | Energy (kcal) | 733 | 2100 | -1367 | Protein (g) | 45 | 66 | -1 | Vitamin A (µg) | 114 | 700 | -588 | Vitamin D (µg) | 1 | 15 | -14 | Vitamin E (mg) | 1 | 15 | -14 | Vitamin C (mg) | 0 | 75 | -75 | Thiamine (mg) | 0.6 | 1.1 | -0.5 | Riboflavin (mg) | 1.3 | 1.1 | +0.2 | Niacin (mg) | 11 | 14 | -3 | Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.6 | 1.3 | -1.8 | Folate (µg) | 193 | 400 | -207 | Vitamin B12 (µg) | Due to the loss of muscle mass, protein adequacy is also a problem in older adults because it is not advised to increase protein intake. Limited protein intake may result in vitamin A, C, D, calcium, iron, zinc, and other deficiencies (Grodner, 2012). Overall, Theresa’s small nutrient intake can result in many nutrient deficiencies.

Erin Wade is chief executive of Homeroom, a restaurant. Recently she had gotten multiple emails from her staff about harassment. Apparently there had been multiple counts of harassment against female employees, but Wade had never heard of them because the complaints were shut down by male managers. Wade was shocked to hear about this and decided to create a color coded system for reporting incidents. The system has since decreased harassment drastically. Wade advocates for more news stories with solutions to harassment problems rather than publishing even more redundant articles that focus on the harassers and how their lives are changed.

The neural tube in an infant forms early during pregnancy, then closes twenty eight days after conception (CDC). Children born with spina bifida have complications with the development or closure

What is anencephaly? Anencephaly is one of the neural tube defect and it is a serious birth defect that cause a baby to born with the absent of the brain and skull. In normal baby the formation and closing of neural tube will help form a normal brain and skull which is the upper part of neural tube along with spinal cord, and back bones which is the lower part of the neural tube. What happened in anencephaly Is that the upper part of the neural tube will not close probably all the way. This will cause the baby to be born with the absent of the front part of forebrain and the tanking part of the brain which is the cerebrum. The rest of the brain are often with neither skin nor bone

Anencephaly is a birth defect that happens while your baby is developing. Anencephaly causes your baby to be missing parts of the brain, scalp, and skull when he or she is born. Anencephaly is a very serious type of neural tube defect (NTD). Most babies born with anencephaly only

Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which an infant's head is significant than the rest of the babies of the same age and gender. It can occur because a baby’s brain has not developed properly during pregnancy or has stopped growing after birth. There are over 50 known causes

As stated earlier the disease can be spread through mother to child contact. Women who are expecting children can pass off the disease to the child during pregnancy. Furthermore, Women who are infected just prior to delivery can give off the disease to her newborn. The transmission of the Zika virus to newborns has caused adverse effects, and many newborns have been diagnosed with Microcephaly as well as other fetal brain deformities. Microcephaly is a birth defect that causes an infant's head to be abnormally smaller than other infants his or her age and size, additionally, it causes them to have smaller underdeveloped brains.

Neural tube defects can be split into two different types: open and closed (Mitchell, 2005). The most common of the “open” NTDs are anencephaly and myelomeningocele. These two types of NTDs are when an end of the neural tube does not properly close. Anencephaly is when the brain end of

During the process of neurulation the ectoderm, the outermost germ layer, goes through a thickening process which in turn forms the neural plate. With changes in cell attachment and shape, the plate beings to rise and fold eventually with both sides meeting in the middle creating a tube (Gilbert, 2000). This tube pulls away from the ectoderm forming what is termed as the neural tube. “By 27 days, the tube is fully closed and has already begun its transformation into the brain and spinal cord of the embryo” (Zero to three). Failure of the neural tube to close can result in the cerebral cortex not being able to be formed or in spina bifida.

The fetus is in breech presentation. The amniotic fluid volume is normal. The placenta appears to be posterior and a thorough evaluation under high resolution ultrasound does not identify any distinct placental abruption but these can be missed since clot can have the same appearance as placental tissue. The fetal size was too small for any highly-detailed assessment but on evaluation of the heart there was a question of a slightly abnormal axis at 80-degrees and there is a question of a potential atrial ventricular septal defect due to the position of the valves and their appearance upon motion. The bowel appears to be somewhat echogenic. A stomach bubble was identified with a normal appearing bladder and again the amniotic fluid volume is normal. The fetal brain also appeared normal and the cerebellum had a normal shape and the spine the best we could tell was not abnormal. By report, she has an elevated AFP. The abdominal wall cord insertion also appears

For one, a developing fetus can suffer brain defects like spina bifida or anencephaly and may contribute to certain

Ethical Analysis of Baby Theresa Baby Theresa is a very unique case. Theresa Ann Campo Pearson was an infant born in Florida 1992, with Anencephaly, which is where the two most important parts of the brain are missing, the cerebrum and cerebellum, as well as the top of the skull. Without these parts of the brain she would never have had higher brain functions or consciousness. However, there is still a brain stem connected so all the autonomic functions are still working, such as having a heart beat and breathing. Anencephaly is known as one of the worst congenital disorders, thus these cases are usually detected during pregnancy and aborted. If not aborted, half are stillborn or if born alive, they usually die within a few days. In