A Case Study On ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME At Sacred Heart Unit(St. Paul Hospital)

Most of the conditions in cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by methods like identifying the symptoms and maintaining a healthy lifestyle (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases can vary depending on the severeness of the condition itself. Symptoms may include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, swelling, weakness, dizziness, and/or pain and numbness in parts of the body (MedicineNet.com). If one experiences these symptoms, it is best to seek medical advice on what to do next. Chest discomfort can include chest pain, fluttering in the heart, and chest tightness (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Pain near

12 Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) - There are typical changes to the normal pattern of the ECG in a heart attack. Patterns that occur include pathological Q waves and ST elevation (Koutoukidis, Stainton & Hughson 2013, p. 505). However, it is possible to have a normal ECG even if a patient has had a heart attack. The indicators for this test include: suspected myocardial infarction, suspected pulmonary embolism, perceived cardiac dysrhythmias, fainting or collapse, a third heart sound, fourth heart sound, a cardiac murmur or other findings to indicate structural heart disease. The

A number of tests would be performed to analyze the extent of damage of the heart. An electrocardiogram would be one of the first tests performed to check the electrical

Because Congestive Heart Failure has many causes, doctors need to find the underlying cause of the heart failure. So the doctors have to find out how and why the heart is malfunctioning before they can make a diagnosis. They do this by your medical/family history, physical examination, and a series of test. Some of the tests used to discover underlying cause are blood tests to evaluate the function of organs in the body, BNP blood test, X-ray, electrocardiogram (EKG), echocardiogram (ECG), stress test, cardiac catherization, radionuclide ventriculography, or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Some further tests that can be done are a Computed tomography scan (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart (MRI), by taking an X-ray which may show an enlarged heart, abnormal structure and arrangement of the abdominal organs and an Echocardiogram or Ultrasound of the heart.

In the evaluation of patients with chest pain, the preliminary ECG is a more clear-cut tool for early risk stratification with more recent recommendations indicating that ECG should be performed as early as possible, within 10 minutes of ED admittance. Early indicators associated with MI or ischemic complication such as ST segment elevation or depression allows rapid treatment aligning with the indicated complication. While the ECG may reveal significant indicators in certain situations, in other circumstances findings may be limited due to low diagnostic sensitivity

Some other symptoms can be shortness of breath, nausea, weakness, and pain in the back. A person’s health care provider would measure their blood pressure, cholesterol, and sugar levels to see if they are at risk. The diagnosing tools would be electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, exercise stress test, chest X-Ray, cardiac catheterization, and coronary angiogram. All of these tools are helpful when testing to diagnose Coronary artery disease.

You may need to have blood tests, a test to check heart rhythm (electrocardiography), or echocardiography to evaluate your heart valves and the blood flow through them.

An echocardiogram and numerous blood test may also be used to identify congestive heart failure.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) it is also know as Coronary Artery Disease. It happens when the blood vessels delivering to the heart develop blockage or are narrowed by plaque, which reduces the flow of the blood, oxygen and nutrients supplied to the heart. If this happens the person starts to feel chest pain (also known as angina pectoris) and then it lead to the person to have a heart attack. It is known to be the main factor to cause cardiac arrest and it can be fatal unless the heart is restarted in minutes.

There are many different tests that can be done to tell whether a person has congestive heart failure. CHF is usually diagnosed by a physical exam and also the history of the patient. The history helps determine if there were any other incidents when the patient was short of breath or had trouble breathing with walking and so forth. An electrocardiogram is used to help determine the electrical impulses in the heart. An echocardiogram is used to show images of the heart and shows anything that may be deformed within it. A stress test may also be done to show how the heart handles exercise and also checks to see if the person may have coronary artery disease.

The doctor, cardiologist, and other medical professionals will be looking for certain things to determine if a person has heart failure; for example, a third heart beat (besides the usual “lub” “dub”). Heart failure is diagnosed by certain symptoms along with certain medical tests (Krum, 2009). Some medical tests conducted by various kinds of doctors are the following: Electrocardiograms, Echocardiography, and MRIs. An electrocardiogram is a machine that displays a person’s heartbeat to assess electrical and muscular purposes of the heart. Electrocardiograms are helpful because it can rule out a certain type of heart failure (Krum, 2009). Echocardiography uses ultrasound technology to examine the heart. This test can help with the diagnosis of heart failure because it can give the medical professional information about the left ventricle. An MRI is a medical exam to determine if someone has heart failure because it gives an evaluation of the

According to the American Heart Association, congestive heart failure physicians use a physical examine and other tests to diagnose heart failure ("Common Tests," 2017). The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute state the a chest x-ray, laboratory blood test called a BNP, and an echocardiogram are used to test to help determine if a person has congestive heart failure ("How is heart ," 2015). Heart failure affects all ages with the greatest

Having a cardiac-ultrasound is one way that doctors can reach an early diagnosis. There are a variety of different types of cardiac ultrasounds, but one common choice for detecting early issues in the heart is a stress test. Any signs of heart disease, no matter your age, could spur your doctor to order an ultrasound. Those symptoms include neck pain, shortness of breath or chest pain.

     Heart attack occurs when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells supplied by that artery. Coronary and Coronary Thrombosis 2 are terms that can refer to a heart attack. Another term, Acute Myocardial Infarction 2, means death of heart muscle due to an inadequate blood supply.