A Comparison Of Current Biofilm Prevention Methods And Prevention

The development of antibiotics was an important advancement in 20th century medicine. Previously deadly infectious diseases are now routinely treated with antibiotics. Moreover, for modern-day medical procedures such as chemotherapy treatment to be successful, antibiotic use is necessary. For these reasons, the prospect of bacteria developing widespread resistance to antibiotics is a major concern as it would render many modern-day medical therapies unviable.

Applicability of NCs as wound dressing biomaterials necessarily required the testing of their anti-bacterial potential. Moreover, the effect of AgNPs prepared from different concentrations of precursor salt for NCs development was studied on anti-bacterial activity. Bacteria exposed to NCs showed a zone of inhibition (ZOI), in contrast to bacteria exposed to SC-CNCs only (Fig. 6.10). The measurements of ZOI against each bacterium are presented (Table 6.2). Differences in growth inhibition of different bacteria exposed to NCs were observed, indicating that anti-bacterial action depends on the structural and chemical composition of the bacterial cell surface (Diez-Pascual and Diez-Vicente 2015). NC-1 showed maximum ZOI representing the remarkable inhibitory effect on bacterial growth followed by NC-2 and NC-3, respectively. Pure SC-CNCs were used as a negative control since it has no anti-bacterial activity. Bactericidal activity of NCs could be due to the diffusion of AgNPs from NCs to the culture medium. A large number of small-sized AgNPs present in NC-1 (21 ± 7 nm) showed stronger anti-microbial action in comparison to relatively large sized AgNPs of

plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides.2,8plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides.2,8plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides.2,8plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular

The aim of this investigation was to find out which antiseptics were most effective at preventing the growth of bacteria.

Biofilms play a crucial role in the persistence of lung infections in CF patients due to the protective extracellular matrix that is formed by the bacterial community (5). This barrier limits the penetration of antibiotics and results in varying nutrient gradients, allowing for a diverse range of bacteria (5). Bacteria inside this biofilm are able to sense the presence of other cells, and alter their properties accordingly to suit the environment. This is particularly interesting as the bacterial communities within a biofilm may compete with each other for dominance in the biofilm (6). Therefore, bacterial competition may impact the treatment and actions needed to treat biofilms in the lungs of CF patients

Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) can be attained while fostering quality patient satisfaction. Interdisciplinary standards of practice exist to ensure evidence-based prescribing practices yet the pervasive use of antibiotics remains rampant globally. This is a multifaceted topic that impacts primary care prescribers, pharmacists, nurses, pharmaceutical companies, governing bodies, educational institutions, research teams, and the general population. This article will investigate how Canadian nurse practitioners (NPs) are in a prime position to influence an overdue revolution in AS, specifically for uncomplicated viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) of children ages two to ten in primary care.

Antibiotic resistance is becoming a more prevalent issue. This is a growing dilemma because, not only do patients have the potential to develop resistance, but they also can transmit the resistant bacteria to others (McKellar, 2014). Additionally, it is estimated that over one-third of all antibiotics prescribed to patients are unnecessary (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Overutilization of antibiotics is a growing problem due to some patients’ inappropriate demands for antibiotics or misdiagnoses by prescribers, however, underutilization of antibiotics can be just as problematic. Physicians are trained to use good antimicrobial stewardship when prescribing antibiotics; only giving them to patients who truly do have a bacterial infection. This becomes an issue when providers are too cautious and do not prescribe antibiotics in an attempt not to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, this caution could have a detrimental effect on the health of patients who actually need the antibiotics. To combat this issue, we must find a balance between good antimicrobial stewardship to minimize resistance while also taking underutilization into consideration. We, as pharmacists, are at a unique position between the physician and

Lens case contamination is a well-documented occurrence for contact lens wearers despite the efficacy of contact lens disinfectants. Several microorganisms have a propensity to attach to surfaces and may become more tolerant of disinfection upon attachment. Contact lens case is one of the accessories which become contaminated easily and more prone to biofilm formation. Since last few decades the modification of the biomedical devices has attracted attention and the application of the antimicrobial surface is one of them to eliminate microbial contamination. Silver is an established and proven antimicrobial with efficacy against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In vitro studies evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-impregnated

This report and the evaluates based on healthcare design and the importance of hand hygiene to prevent from infections and infection control in the hospitals.

The world health organisation has announced antibiotic resistance and the rise of superbugs as a great threat to human race. Superbugs are defined as bacteria equipped bacteria with "bullet proof vests” of antibiotic resistance that deflect "magic silver bullets" of antibiotics. Under right circumstances, they can transfer the antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria and completely paralyse humans to combat against bacteria (news.com.au 2014). In Australia, thousands of people per year are diagnosed with superbugs and these victims often face a prolonged illness and ultimately death (Pogson 2012). The severity of the problem can become apparent by referring to the death attributable to antibiotic resistance every year from 2014 to 2050,

Whether we like it or not bacteria is everywhere, it can be good and bad, on every surface we touch and even within our bodies. Bacteria, usually as a single celled microorganism, is almost harmless on its own as it can be engulfed by phagocytes and even destroyed by antibiotics. However, bacteria can group together and create something called a biofilm, which can be more detrimental to the health of humans. Biofilms are defined as a complex structure adhering to surfaces that are regularly in contact with water, consisting of colonies of bacteria and usually other microorganisms like yeasts and fungi. (Dictionary, 2002) What they are in not too complex words are microorganisms that stick together to become bigger and stronger cultures. The initial bacteria that attach themselves to surfaces do so by using weak, reversible, short-range electrostatic forces. These forces are called the van der Waals forces. If the bacteria is not disturbed and further grows, at this stage it begins to release a sticky polysaccharide, called extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that allows the bacteria to strengthen and promote the arrival of pathogens. These

Bacterial urinary tract infections represent the most common type of nosocomial infections. Often, the ability of bacteria to both establish and maintain these infections are directly related to biofilm formation on indwelling devices or within the urinary tract itself (30). Enterococci (especially E. faecalis) are one of the main causative agents of urinary tract infection and Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) besides gram-negative pathogens (31, 32). In these infections Biofilm provides a favorable milieu for microbial survival within the host as the organisms are shielded from the host immune response, as well as antibiotics and antimicrobial agents (33, 34). Several studies conducted to introduce main virulence genes of enterococci that are associated with biofilm formation in these bacteria (11, 13,-17), but virulence mechanism and related genes for biofilm formation are not well understood (35). In this study we investigated biofilm formation of clinical enterococci isolates isolated from Urinary tract infections. These strains were characterized for presence of adhesions and secretory virulence factors. Isolates had diverse presence of virulence from lack to highest amount of virulence genes. Several previous studies investigated relation of virulence genes and biofilm formation, especially presence of esp and gel. Enterococci esp has been implicated as a contributing factor in colonization and persistence of infection within the urinary tract

Scientists have discovered a material modeled after shark skin, which can help reduce the spread of bacteria in hospitals. Shark skin has a feel similar to sandpaper. That is because of the tiny ridges and grooves that reduce friction and help the shark to move so fast through the water. Bumby designed to allow sharks to move through the ocean also perfect in preventing the growth of bacteria, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria which is resistant to the antibiotics used to treat staph infection, and known for causing infection in hospitals. Researchers helped by using this material to stop spreading the disease of causing bacteria in hospitals. The Study examined how the shark skin has bumps that are too

A biofilm is a layer consisting of various combinations of many different organisms, autotrophic and heterotrophic. They are dense, organized communities of cells, encased in a self-produced slime. The bacteria grow together in water like atmospheres, attaching to a solid surface, forming a small ecosystem. Biofilms are known as a micro-environment, a micro-habitat, or a slime matrix. They help decompose dead organisms and recycle carbon and nutrients.

Mrs. Pamela Lark has come in to the dental clinic for an examination and a cleaning for the first time in five years. The oral risk assessment that was completed on Pamela shows that we as dental professionals can offer her some advice on how to minimize her dental biofilm and give her a healthier lifestyle. For example, we can offer Pamela advice on only brushing her teeth once a day with a scrubbing method and only flossing occasionally. While talking with Pamela, she has a few questions about what dental biofilm is and the significance of biofilm. I will be sharing Pamela’s questions and how I educated her on how important taking better care of her teeth is so the biofilm does not cause further destruction.