A Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. The chromosomes which are found in prokaryotes are usually spread in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells the chromosomes remain together inside the nucleus and there is a clear nuclear membrane that is surrounding the nucleus.
Another difference between the two cells is that, in prokaryotic cells
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A nucleus is a membrane which can be found in most eukaryotic cells.
The main functions of a nucleus cell are:
• Being involved in cell division
• All the functions of other cells are done under the instruction of the nucleus
• DNA is the building blocks of life which are found within the nucleus.
The main function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum is to produce, store and transport proteins and lipid to most of the cell organelles. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a large organelle that looks like sheets of folded membranes.
There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum the Smooth ER and the Rough ER. you can distinguish that both of the ER’s are different to each other, this is shown in the diagram above that one is smooth ER and the other is rough ER the rough ER has ribsomes attracted to it while the smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. The two ER’s have different function to each other.
Structure of Endoplasmic reticulum: - Sheets of membrane with ribosomes outside (for rough ER). - Forms a tubular network throughout the cell. Function of Endoplasmic reticulum: - Transports chemicals, proteins, and lipids between cells and within cells - The endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area for the organization of chemical reactions to take place and synthesis.
In size Ribsomes are about 25 un is diameter. They are arranged in to
The endoplasmic reticulum is specialised for protein processing and lipid biosynthesis. One of its primary functions is to regulate the ionic concentration in the cytoplasm via the movement of Ca2+, via ionic pumps and channels. It also contains enzymes responsible for the metabolising of drugs. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can come in two forms. As depicted in Fig. 2 Rough ER has ribosomes present as part of the membrane of the organelle, and together with these ribosomes takes polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol and synthesises proteins destined for attachment to cell membranes. It is in the lumen of the rough ER that the proteins are folded into the specific three dimensional shapes that are so important for biochemical recognition and linking sites [6]. It is called rough because of the presence of ribosomes makes the surface of the membrane look rough, unlike smooth ER, which lacks the ribosomes so the membrane looks smooth. Rough ER is composed of a large but convoluted flattened sac. The main function of the smooth ER is the production of lipids and the metabolism of compounds (such as the breakdown of glycogen into glucose). Because of the different functions between the rough and smooth ER, different specialised cells will have different amounts of each; for example, hepatic
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism, and Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.
22. The two major groups of prokaryotic cells are the _______ and the _______, which diverged early in evolution. archaebacteria; eubacteria
Proteins are manufactured according to instructions encoded in the genes in the nucleus. These genes are then transcripted into RNA from DNA in the nucleus. The RNA then leaves the nucleus and interacts with ribosomes on the ER, which now links amino acids together to form protein chains. The cell membrane is a selective barrier on the boundary of every cell. Its function is to allow the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell. The lysosomes are digestive organelles where macromolecules and other wastes are hydrolyzed by enzymes. There main function is to process the molecules taken in through the cell membrane and to recycle worn out cell parts. After ribosome synthesize proteins, the proteins are transported through the rough ER then, proteins are enclosed in a vesicle and transported to the Golgi apparatus, where processing, packaging, and transport of proteins is done. After the protein is processed, it will then bud off from the Golgi apparatus (as vesicles) and transport to where ever it is
eukaryotic cells cell type is usually multicellular while prokaryotic cell is usually unicellular, eukaryotic cell true membrane bound nucleus is present, prokaryotic cell's true bound nucleus is absent. examples of a eukaryotic cell are plants and animals. prokaryotic cells's examples are bacteria and archaea. eukaryotic cells genetic recombination is meiosis & fusion of gametes, prokaryotic cells genetic recombination is partial, undirectional transfers DNA, eukaryotic cells lysosomes and peroxisomes are present while prokaryotic cell lysosomes and peroxisomes are absent, eukaryotic cells microtubules are present, prokaryotic cells microtubules are absent, eukaryotic cell endoplasmic reticulum is present, prokaryotic cell endoplasmic reticulum is absent and eukaryotic cells cytoskeleton is present while prokaryotic cells cytoskeleton may be
The ER works closely with the other organelles such as the Golgi, ribosomes, the Mrna and the Trna. The ER is also connected to the nucleus but each of the membranes is different and the function of the particular cell usually determines both the structure and the size of the endoplasmic reticulum. Some cells may not contain ER for example our red blood cells. Cells found in our liver contain cells with a large structural ER. There are 2 different types of ER called smooth ER and rough ER. Although they have the same types of membrane they are both shaped very differently. The smooth and rough ER is made of a double membrane which forms s a sac known as cisternae. When the protein molecules are synthesized it is then fathered in the cisternal space and is then released off in
On the planet, Earth, prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two major types of cells. Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells with genetic material and cell chemicals all enclosed within a cell wall, and having no defined organelles or nucleus (except ribosomes). Organisms in this group are small in size and mainly consist of bacteria. Eukaryotic cells, however, are defined as having a ‘’true’’ nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and chromosomes. The nucleus of eukaryotic cells houses the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and directs the synthesis of proteins and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells, however, are much older cells as these cells are quite ancient and were the only form on planet Earth for billions of years, soon giving birth to eukaryotic cells 1.5 billion years ago.
Both of them are composed of cells, which are surrounded by a cell membrane and cytoplasm. Both have flagella. Prokaryotes have protein building blocks, while Eukaryotes has multiple microtubules. Both have cell wall. On Prokaryotes it includes peptidoglycan and is chemically complex while in eukaryotes it is chemically simple. The DNA in prokaryotes exists in a space called nucleoid and it is circular DNA while eukaryotes have linear DNA and it is organized into a higher-order structure. Both have ribosomes that are used for translation of RNA into proteins. Both of them can perform transport, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and movement. Although, they have similarities, most are carried out within organelles in eukaryotes.
Here are the similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Both organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life, with each cell surrounded by a cell membrane. The biggest difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have a nucleus. They also have other membrane structures called organelles. Organelles are structures such as the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. The DNA in prokaryotes exists in a space called the nucleoid, and it is circular DNA, while eukaryotes have linear DNA, and it's organized into a higher-order structure.
Eukaryotic organisms have cells that contain a nucleus. Animals, plants, fungi, and protoctista all have eukaryotic cells. The eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane as its external boundary like all other cells, but it also has a variety of membranes that divide the internal space into discrete compartments, which give them its unique feature, that enable the cell to carry out various chemical reactions or processes in separate parts of the cell, which all form part of the same system. The compartments in the cytoplasm are known as organelles.
There are five membrane bound organelles in the eukaryotic cell. These membrane bound organelles are the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and vacuoles.
Archaea were originally classified as bacteria and were named archaebacteria since most of the archaea are not isolated in the lab, and also archaea and bacteria are roughly the same size and shape. With the great progress of science, scientists can through analysis of nucleic acids in order to determine the cell is archaea or not. Different from prokaryote, eukaryotes are any kind of cell that has cell nuclei and other organelles in the membrane. There are many different types of eukaryotic cells, animals, plants and fungi. According to a biological article in Science magazine, human beings are not really individuals, they are communities of organisms. ( McFall-Ngai, Margaret .J,1991 )[2] All animals consist of millions of eukaryotic cells. There are many different parts of the cell such as nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, cytosol, cytoskeleton, and cell membrane. It contains many different types of special organelles that can perform all functions. Looking more closely at an animal cell and a plant cell, the animal cell does not have cell walls and chloroplasts and has smaller
Prokaryotes have a cell wall but are only made from cellulose. Prokaryotes have no nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are found in single-celled organisms such as bacteria. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed thin a nuclear membrane. The two organisms from prokaryotes are bacteria and blue green algae
An prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell are different in many ways. A prokaryotic cell means a microscopic single celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane,and mitochondria,or an membrane bound organelle. The prokaryotic cell is like an apartment, it supports the person with living space, but is small and simple at the same time. An eukaryotic cell is any organism whoose cell contains an nucleus, and other membrane bond and organells. An example of an eukaryotic cell is an mansion.
In order for cells and organisms to “live” they need to perform certain tasks such as produce energy through respiration, send messages, maintenance and reproduction. To enable the cell to do so, it contains within small structures called organelles, each organelle is different and carries out a specific function.