A Critical Analysis Of Controlling Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis has long been a disease that the human culture has been dealing with which entails significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With dealing with such a horrific disease over the years, discoveries and evolution on the appropriate ways to contain, diagnose, and challengingly treat the disease has changed. One of the most concerning complications of this worldwide public health issue is the ability for it to quickly spread in high populated areas while becoming ever more resistant to forms of treatment not available in all locations around the world. This is a serious public

Tuberculosis is most of the feared and widespread that has harassed humans. Tuberculosis is a disease that affects the lungs and other organs too. This is a very serious disease that can cause death and the worse part is that this disease travels to one person to another. In the book, Know about Tuberculosis, a boy who has tuberculosis sneezed on another boy named Kevin who did not automatically catch tuberculosis, but the terms have taken root. According to the book, Know about Tuberculosis, “In the United States, about ten to fifteen million people are infected with this disease, but only ten percent of people are infected; however doctors assume that the battle against tuberculosis is increasing around the world.” Tuberculosis is among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature.

Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that is now affecting our world and the people living in it in a horrible way. Due to many factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, and lack of health care, many third world and developing countries have been left very vulnerable to tuberculosis. It is affecting a large part of these countries and is leading them deeper into poverty and sickness. The effort to help these countries against tuberculosis has only been slightly effective against this widespread and destructive disease.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Now, we will see what the most optimal solution to this recent problem in the classic epidemiological way, by understanding the history of TB, the drug-resistant strain’s origin, and recent cases of the disease.

The social aspect looks at how TB affects the overall impact of health related quality of life. The global section looks at the barriers of governmental funds and treatment access in different developed versus developing countries. The environmental section explores the environmental conditions in where TB impacts socioeconomic factors, including income, education, housing, age, gender, and geographic distribution. The policy section explores the policy around the treatment of TB, providing distributions of policies (funding, allocative health policies and regulated health policies) and organized policymaking processes at the federal level that allow for the improvement of the health of the population.

TB is an unevenly spread disease due to structural violence and cultural arrangements present in today’s society. These unnatural causes create a social and medical barrier that makes TB more

It is very important to know that TB can be treated and cured by taking the required medication that could last for around 6 to 9 months depending in the dosages. It is very important as recommended for all types of medication to make sure it is taking properly and is finished to avoid getting sick all over again. Selected studies were evaluated for their objective(s), design, geographical and institutional setting, and generalizability. Studies reporting health outcomes were categorized as primarily addressing efficacy or effectiveness of the intervention (Cobbelens, 2012). Tuberculosis can be cured and the social elements have always been an important issue on who will get the disease and who will be able to receive help to become cured. This disease will remain a worldwide issue for many individuals. Medication is continuing to treat as well as cure the advances of this disease and technology and medication has changed over the years, that it has become a way of shortening the amount of therapy that is needed. Perhaps in the future individuals will commit resources, plan and implement interventions that are needed to help reduce the deaths that are caused by TB. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). The Centers for Law The Public Health. Retrieved from HYPERLINK http//www.cdc.gov/tb/programs/TBLawPolicyHandbook.pdf http//www.cdc.gov/tb/programs/TBLawPolicyHandbook.pdf Cobbelens, F.

The Lancet is a high-qualified journal platform of medical sciences in the world. It aims to provide accurate medical researches and reports for professionals and amateurs who are interested in Medicine and the interfering area. This qualitative study explores the efforts Chinese government had made in the disease control programs and the public health systems in order to achieve the global target of tuberculosis control. The outcome of the commitment to tuberculosis control was evaluated through the 2000 national tuberculosis survey conducted throughout China. It’s concluded that China made great progress on the health plan after 1990s but still needs to emphasize on both the health program and the control system to reach their goal for preventing

“Despite all the ghastliness in the world, human beings are made for goodness, the ones that held in high regard are not militarily powerful nor economically prosperous. They have a commitment to try and make the world a better place” (Desmond Tutu,15)- Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Strong words of hope and faith in humanity come from a man who is regarded in the same heights as Ghandi. Archbishop Desmond Tutu is a survivor of the deadly disease known as, Tuberculosis. According to the CDC, “One third of the world’s population is infected with TB” . A staggering number, but the amount of deaths from TB is even more astonishing, “1.8 million deaths in 2015” (Center for Disease Control). Most people get confused with what exactly tuberculosis even is, whether people say it’s like the flu or bronchitis, but it’s something truly life threatening. Tuberculosis is not exclusive to only one race, ethnicity, or gender, tuberculosis is able to kill anyone regardless of age. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness and educate all the people in the world of the Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind, that despite the great achievements of human society still remains a major health problem. Because due to the socioeconomic problems and negligence in the treatment of tuberculosis, as well as HIV epidemy, in many countries there are a large number of smear positive patients often remain undiagnosed. On the other hand, patients' failure to visit a physician after initiation of complaints, Lack of timely diagnosis and treatment by a physician, inadequate treatment, improper administration of anti-TB drugs, patients' financial problems in preparing medications, and patients' inadequate information about their disease status and discontinuation the medication can lead to the creation of drug-resistant cases of TB. Since 1993, World Health Organization has accepted the Directly Observed Treatment, Short course (DOTS) as a global strategy for TB control. It is estimated that each year about 10-8 million people become infected with TB and 3-2 million people die annually due to this disease. The World Health Organization has declared tuberculosis a global emergency and has recommended efforts to control the disease. Tuberculosis is considered as an endemic and common disease in east mediterranean countries. Because of Iran proximity to Pakistan and Afghanistan (which are among most contaminated regions in the world), our country is at serious risk of this disease. TB epidemiological indicators are:

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).

India, the second most populous country with over 1.31 billion people, has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, accounting for 20% of the global incidence of TB, and an even higher share of global incidence of multi–drug resistant (MDR) TB. With an estimated 2 million new cases of TB and 5, 00,000 TB-related deaths in India annually, those who got diagnosed with different forms of DR-TB were 35,385 cases but only 20,753 people started on multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) treatment in 2013. The National Tuberculosis Program was launched in 1962, but suffered heavily continuing TB led mortality. Acknowledging this reality, a Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was launched by the Government of India in 1997, however even today it does not comply with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.

This interest in tuberculosis and the unequal opportunities available to individuals with tuberculosis stems from watching a documentary entitled “An Incurable TB?” that explored the impact of tuberculosis in Peru. In the video, two American doctors, Paul Farmer and Jim Yong Kim, grew concerned about the situation and eventually began to smuggle drugs into

As mentioned in the previous section, high TB notification rates in Hong Kong every year reveals the severity, reported statistics from CHP (CHP, 2016). Though there are decreasing TB notification cases, TB still puts pressure on Hong Kong’s citizens. In 1939, around 4,500 TB deaths report before the invasion by Japan, which made TB become a notifiable disease (DH, 2006). During the World War II, the unstable social conditions, poor nutrition, and serious overcrowding in Hong Kong increased the number of cases who died from TB (DH, 2006). As a result, with the influx of refugee from Mainland China, TB became the top killer in Hong Kong (DH, 2006). In 1940-1950, the Hong Kong Government and the Hong Kong Anti-Tuberculosis Association created plans for TB control services, after the development in anti-TB drugs and provided services for TB patients (DH, 2006). TB notification rate and death rate of Hong Kong reached its peak in 1951-1952 when prevention and treatment of TB was not yet commonly use (CHP, 2016). Afterwards, the usage of streptomycin and the BCG injection to newborn babies and schoolchildren decreased the amount of notification rate and death rate (DH, 2006). However, some TB patients had difficulties to complete the anti-TB treatment. Therefore, Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) was considered. The death rate of TB dropped dynamically to less than 1,500 cases after the usage of the DOT in 1970 (WHO, 2016). After 21st century, the new cases of TB dropped to less