A Definition of Collaborative vs Cooperative Learning
Ted Panitz (1996)
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I have been searching for many years for the Holy Grail of interactive learning, a distinction between collaborative and cooperative learning definitions. I am getting closer to my elusive goal all the time but I am still not completely satisfied with my perception of the two concepts. I believe my confusion arises when I look at processes associated with each concept and see some overlap or inter-concept usage. I will make a humble attempt to clarify this question by presenting my definitions and reviewing those of other authors who have helped clarify my thinking.
Collaboration is a philosophy of interaction and personal lifestyle whereas cooperation is a
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The major difference lies in the fact that cooperative deals exclusively with traditional (canonical) knowledge while collaborative ties into the social constructivist movement, asserting that both knowledge and authority of knowledge have changed dramatically in the last century. "The result has been a transition from "foundational (cognitive) understanding of knowledge", to a nonfoundational ground where "we understand knowledge to be a social construct and learning a social process" (Brufee, Collaborative learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge, 1993). Rockwood states:
"In the ideal collaborative environment, the authority for testing and determining the appropriateness of the group product rests with, first, the small group, second, the plenary group (the whole class) and finally (but always understood to be subject to challenge and revision) the requisite knowledge community (i.e. the discipline: geography, history, biology etc.) The concept of non- foundational knowledge challenges not only the product acquired, but also the process employed in the acquisition of foundational knowledge."
"Most importantly, in cooperative, the authority remains with the instructor, who retains ownership of the task, which involves either a closed or a closable (that is to say foundational) problem ( the instructor knows or can predict the answer). In collaborative, the instructor--once the task is set-- transfers
This strategy is gained when students learn to reflect and think about their learning. Cooperative learning is a natural way to use the reciprocal teaching strategies, as those strategies are based on having conversations and social interactions. These strategies are beneficial whether working with a whole-class grouping or literature circles.
In Cooperative Learning there are six major elements that take part. The six are intentional group formation, continuity of group interaction, interdependence among group members, explicit attention to the development of social skills, and instructor as facilitator. These six elements form under the model and gives cooperative
Cooperative learning, sometimes called small-group learning, is an instructional strategy in which small groups of students work together on a common task (TeacherVision, 2017). According to the Education Consumer Guide, Cooperative learning is successful because students of different levels of ability have the opportunity to use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement.
It helps students to share their knowledge with each other for a better understanding of a specific concept. One of the important principles that the cooperative learning theory proposes is heterogeneous grouping, which means that the students within the group vary in their gender, skills, class social, religion and age (Jacobs 4). Another important principle is maximum peer interactions that occur when specifying the number of students working together (Jacobs 4). Collaborative skills is an additional principle that is proposed by this theory, which means that students who work with each other are capable of explaining and giving reasons (Jacobs 4). Also, one of the essential principles is individual accountability, which ensures that every one is and working trying to share their knowledge (Jacobs 5). This theory is applied to the physics worksheet because it is a model for enhancing the cooperative learning
Domains such as, cognitive development and development of aspects of information processing. Cognitive development is displayed when students use their problem solving and decision making skills. Development of aspects of information processing is displayed when students process the information that is given. Collaborative/cooperative learning promotes development of intelligence, personal and emotional development, development of motivation and self-regulation, and moral development. Development of intelligence is displayed when students work together and trust one another to solve a problem. Personal and emotional development is shown when students have positive and effect interactions with one another. Development of motivation and self-regulation is demonstrated when students have the ability to complete assignments without being distraction to others. Moral development is shown when students in the group work collaboratively and treat one another with
Cooperation is a term used meaning collaboration and working together for a common accomplishment. To achieve this, there must be clear communication within all parties involved to eliminate any issues that may arise. In this process, the first issue that can arise is the different
These educators have a direct collaboration and are equal partners in interactive relationships, by planning, teaching and working together as a team. Fenty, McDuffie, and Fisher ( ) explains that co-teaching is a form of collaboration that blends the expertise of all of the stakeholders. To be an active team needs to have equal partners in an interactive classroom where educators jointly plan the
Collaborative learning means working proactively within a group on a project. Personally, I enjoy working in groups more because everyone's different ideas can spark a whole new amazing thought. Just putting different heads together, helps find a much better solution to any project. Working in groups also teaches teamwork, respect towards other's ideas, and
Cooperative learning will be a method I use in my classroom. I believe that in a cooperative learning group a student can learn socialization skills and how to work with others. This goes along with the pragmatic/progressive philosophy that children learn by doing. The progressivism teaching style also includes the incorporation of problem-solving and critical thinking techniques. I want my students to learn to think for themselves and be able to function in society. At the same time, I will be a fellow learner myself and
Cooperative learning consist of five basic elements, 1) Positive Interdependence, 2) Face-to-face Interaction, 3) Individual Accountability, 4) Social Skills and 5) Group Processing. Research backs up Marzano’s cooperative learning strategy as a key component of a progressive learning tool. Positive interdependence is the idea that when students are grouped together, they will consciously be held accountable to one another and share in the responsibility of the project. Team members work together with the idea that each member plays a vital role in the achievement of their overall goal due to the obligation to the other members. Face-to-face Interaction involves students working together to teach each other the material. We have found, through various studies that one of the best ways to learn a given material is for each member of the group to teach a section to the rest of the group .Individual Accountability speaks for itself. When a student is held accountable for their portion of the project and is held accountable by their respective peers, they feel obligated to do their part of the project. The fourth part of cooperative learning is, in my opinion, the most important skill learned in this process, the Social Aspect. In the social dynamic of the group, students learn skills that will take them beyond the walls of the educational institution. Social skills will guide students in learning communication skills, decision making, cultural learning, conflict resolution,
What are some of the effective cooperative methods? There are three models of co-teaching in common practice; complementary instruction, team teaching, and supportive learning. Complementary instruction is where a member of the co-teaching team does something to supplement or complement the instruction provided by the other member of the team. The co-teachers share responsibility for teaching the whole class. One takes a lead content role and the other facilitates access to the curriculum. One fall back to look out for in the complementary instruction model is “typecasting” in which the co-teacher delivering content is considered the “expert” or “real” teacher. The next model of co-teaching is the team teaching model. Team teaching is where the members of the team co-teach alongside one another and share responsibility for planning, teaching, and assessing the progress of all students in the class. Both co-
Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. Cooperative efforts result in participants striving for mutual benefit so that all group members: * gain from each other's efforts. (Your success benefits me and my success benefits you.) * recognize that all group members share a common fate. (We all
Cooperative learning should be considered the natural progression of the American education system. Traditional education techniques place students in a competitive atmosphere. Cooperative learning requires students to work together to achieve success. A democratic method for a democratic society. Cooperative learning does not allow for a single winner, instead through group efforts, each student’s strengths help the collective achieve success. This paper will address the history of cooperative learning, along with its social, academic, and teacher benefits. Most importantly, it will highlight the positive effects of cooperative learning techniques upon students of all abilities.
In the growing global society of the 21st century we must prepare our students for a team oriented approach to learning. Cooperative learning allows the development of many different skills in the classroom. As many educators know every student is at different intellectual levels when they enter their classrooms. Cooperative learning allows small groups of students with different abilities to learn from their peers. Through teamwork students learn to appropriately commend others when a task is accomplished. Although, students will be working together for a common goal, each individual student will be responsible for their own work. There are several positive outcomes for students through the use of cooperative learning. In particular, it promotes positive interaction between members of different cultures and socio-economic groups. Additionally, it motivates students to learn new material ensuring student metacognition. To sum up my thoughts about cooperative learning I feel this learning technique offers many benefit’s to students and should be evident in daily learning.
Collaborative learning is founded on the idea that the learning process is a naturally social act which requires the participants to talk among themselves. Collaborative learning involves small groups of students who act on a structured learning activity to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. In simpler terms, the students work in groups to learn or understand a new concept they are studying. In this learning approach, it is important to understand that the students are accountable for individual work as well as the group work they do as a group in collaborative learning