A Design Strategy For Mixed Mode System

These systems don’t have to be electrical. Using architecture, passive ventilation systems can be created. Wider entrances, wind friendly gates, and passages for cool air to enter and be exchanged with hot air can keep the temperature normal without constant maintenance. These cooling systems can even recycle air already present in the stations. They can take advantage of the gushes and air flows generated by trains as they arrive at the station. Passive ventilation systems can keep stations under acceptable condition using passive or active ventilation systems.

Moreover, the paper addresses what are the most common considerations in projects regarding daylight implementation and how certain factors differ from one company to company or professionals to professionals within the building industry.

As time moves forward, the design for better and more sophisticated envelope buildings will continue to be important at all the levels of construction. Basically a building envelope is the separation between the interior and the exterior environment with the inclusion of air, light, heat, water and noise transfer resistances. The building envelope acts as a thermal barrier, because it regulates the temperature of the inside, while the outside temperature can be different. Having a great envelope design can provide more effective results on any type of climate. This is one of the reasons on why building managers are focusing more in having a great envelope design, especially now that every company wants to reduce energy costs and be more energy friendly.

Passive design for heating, cooling and ventilating was put into consideration during the design process of the CIRS. The building relies significantly on natural ventilation when the outside conditions allow it. The central atrium uses the “stack effect” due to the automatic vents on the curtain walls and skylight. Windows are shaded on sun-facing sides of the building in order to block excess glare and heat gains. The permanently occupied spaces in the building have full access to natural light and outside views, which reduces the amount of artificial lighting and energy. Photovoltaic panels are located on the atrium skylight and on the window shades and they transform sunlight into electricity. Tall windows allow lots of natural light to reach the

However, when inspecting a building envelope, one has to be aware of the physical phenomena taking place and how the outdoor environment interacts with the indoors. During the day, the occurrence solar radiation on the outside surface of the building is absorbed and thus increase its surface temperature. As a result of the temperature difference between external and internal wall surface, heat is conducted through the wall. While at night, heat is dissipated from the wall external surface to the lower temperature environment by radiation. Therefore, to avoid the occurrence of solar radiation, the inspection should be done at night or during cloudy day with low wind speeds to minimise convective heat losses.

The interior spaces are thermally controlled using the excess heat from electrical systems and natural light is able to reach 90 percent of the space. The natural ventilation system uses computerized air-circulators and is complemented by automated light controls designed to respond to exterior lighting

Not only is it the actual building either that needs to be thought about, but also the shape, style and location of the external features that can be used for shading and other purposes. Again, this is not a new idea. In 1 B.C., Vitruvius, the chief architect of the Roman Empire said, "We must begin by taking note of the climate in which buildings are to be built if our designs for them are to be correct ". One type building seems appropriate for Egypt, another for Spain, one still different for Rome, and so on with lands and countries of varying characteristics." Some civilizations even used solar architecture for purposes other than for heat. The Egyptian pyramids were able to oriented to track the position of the sun. There were many temples that had shafts that could be opened on certain days like the solstice to allow light beams down to an altar . This is very impressive considering that the exact angles of the sun’s rays had to be calculated and then the shafts had to be accurately constructed in order to perform as designed. This principle also demonstrates how solar architecture doesn’t have to be entirely for heating and cooling. The design of solar homes can be very pleasing to the occupants. They are often more open and well lighted, and they give the feel of being more connected to nature since the house actually changes as the outside world changes.

CEI’s Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning system couples the passive strategy of thermal mass with a specialized HVAC system. This is done by circulating the air pumped in around the building and change the

The fact that high-rise buildings are massive energy consumers is a key factor that has influenced the current development of tall building constructions. Their scale and purpose have turned them into dominant components in urban architecture. Architects and engineers have opted to go green as a solution to the dangers of energy consumption posed by high-rise buildings to the environment. As much as tall buildings have played a key role in combating population growth and the lack of space, they have been noted to use massive energy in the way of construction hence causing the overflow of wastes and environmental pollution. Furthermore, they deprive residents of light and natural weather. With sustainability being the main aim, architects and engineers have therefore revolutionized the conventional design to come up with high performance high-rise buildings. The current high performance design comes with benefits such as indoor environmental quality, resource conservation, design flexibility and energy efficiency among several others. However, the design process of a sustainable high-rise building is quite complex. It calls for the designer to have an understanding of the performance of the building in terms of different variables and design factors presented under conflicting conditions as well. As such various professionals such as behavioral scientists, social scientists, engineers, planners and architects among other groups, end up participating in the design process.

The idea of twinning the exterior of a building to the interior sustainable qualities is ingenious and responds well to threat created from climate change. The movement in the attention paid to envelopes is fascinating as it has responded to a trend in external aesthetics and together they unite. A particularly attractive feature regarding this is the function of being automated or manually controlled, and by this, architects immediately think of different ways in which day lighting, ventilation and heating can be integrated into a sustainable design. With such a vast scale of development in this sector of architectural design, it is at a large disadvantage that the prices of the materials required are at such a high cost, therefore hindering access to the general public. In order to improve accessibility, it may be viable to look at making materials much more available at much more affordable rate. Giving the user the option to change the way in which they live is an innovative idea which encourages the growth of much more modern technology. It encourages much more appreciation for the space in which one lives. This therefore persuades much more sustainable living.

While VRF has a growing interest among engineers, contractors and building owners. A lack of performance data hinders acceptance of manufacturer efficiency claims. The concern over sparse data has been noted in a number of papers on VRF, including this 2012 report prepared by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. General Services Administration: “Surprisingly, despite the long history with VRF technology in Europe, Japan and elsewhere, the U.S. research community has not found useful research on VRF from these places. While some general literature is available about these systems, there is a lack of critical evaluation of actual field energy performance.”

Building 's trigger large amounts of CO2, causing them to consequently contribute a vast majority of the energy consumption worldwide , however new advanced design strategies and sustainable technologies can be incorporated into existing/new building 's in order to decrease emissions, mitigating long-term impacts and adapt to short-term to the

ABSTRACT: Availability of daylight in a building not only improves the well-being of an individual but also plays an important role in reducing our dependence on artificial light and the operational cost of a building. Daylight if not controlled could cause the major problem of solar heat gain in a building and thus causing an increase in the air-conditioning cost of the building especially in warm climates. Offices being one of the building categories that need to be well lit regardless of their size and location, it is important to optimize the daylight and control the heat gain in an office building. This paper discusses the different daylight strategies to achieve this.

Client has decided to investigate the potential to improve efficiency of the current mechanical air conditioning and ventilation system to an office tower project being developed and planned.

In a modern building daylight can provide most of our lighting needs for the vast majority of the working day. It is therefore unnecessary to spend too much time in designing artificial lighting systems.