A Distributed Quantile Filter Based Algorithm

In the location-based routing, sensor nodes are distributed randomly in an interesting area. They are positioned mostly by utilizing of Global position system. The distance among the sensor nodes is evaluated by the signal strength obtained from those nodes and coordinates are computed by interchanging information among neighbouring nodes. Location-based routing networks are;

maximization of network lifetime [8]. This protocol is also divided into two phase: 1. Clustering and 2. Routing of aggregated data. In clustering phase, a fixed topological arrangement is done by sensor nodes. In the data aggregation phase, heuristic is proposed. The advantage is that it provides energy efficiency and network lifetime also be increased.

In this section, we present the details of proposed protocol. Our protocol implements the idea of probabilities for cluster heads selection based on initial energy and residual energy of sensor nodes as well as the average energy of the sensor network.

3.2.17 PSO-C: Centralized-PSO Authors proposed brought together PSO algorithms, in which the nodes which have vitality better than expected vitality asset are chosen as the CHs. In this creators likewise contrast this calculation and LEACH protocol and with LEACH-C. Reproduction comes about demonstrate that PSO outperform to LEACH and LEACH-C in term of network life time and throughput and so on. It likewise beats GA and K-implies based clustering algorithms.

Sensor network got tremendous focus due to its less cost and small size and which can be placed anywhere. A sensor network consists of number of sensor nodes dispersed in a specific geographical area. These sensor nodes communicate using wireless transceivers. These networks are widely used

Bakr, B. A., & Lilien, L. (2011, May). LEACH-SM: A protocol for extending wireless sensor network lifetime by management of spare nodes. In Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), 2011 International Symposium on (pp. 375-375). IEEE.

With the furtherance of computer networks extending boundaries and joining distant locations, wireless sensor networks (WSN) emerged as the new frontier in developing opportunities in order to collect and process data from remote locations. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized in a cooperative manner. Multiple sensor nodes arranged in proximity to sense an event and subsequently transmit sensed and collected information to a remote processing unit or base station. The nodes are able to communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion. More than 1000s or even 10,000 nodes are expected. Currently, wireless sensor

The mobile computing technology is an emerging technology, which consist of wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor is the smallest unit of a network and some of the features supports large scale deployment, mobility, reliability and other applications. According to (Hoon-Jae, 2011), the main goals of WSNs are to deploy a number sensor devices over an unattended area and transmit to certain locations.

The main goal of geographical routing is to use location information to define an efficient route search toward the destination. Geographical routing is very fitting to sensor networks, where data aggregation technique is used to minimize the number of transmissions send to the base station by eliminating redundancy among data packets from different sources. The need for data aggregation is to minimize energy consumption changes the computation and communications model in sensor networks from a traditional address paradigm to a data centric paradigm, where the content of the data is more significant than the identity of the sensor node that gathers the data. In data paradigm, an application may send a query to enquire about a phenomenon

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure less, dynamic topology, application oriented, multihoping network design with small, sensing wireless distributed nodes. [1] WSN consists of thousand of wireless node distributed in a geographical area. The distributed nodes senses the current status of its region and supply to the next upper which collects different information from different nodes and supplied final information to the

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of large number of sensor nodes and at least one base station. The sensor node is an autonomous small device that consists of mainly four units that are sensing, information gathering, processing and communication. In wireless sensor network there of many issues that are much affects in communication, processing and in deployments. The main issue is its coverage and connectivity problem. Most of the times communications does not prohibited properly amongst sensors and base station due lacking of ranges problem. Full coverage and connectivity means that every location in the field is covered by at least one node and

Abstract—In wireless sensor network (WSN), many novel architectures, protocols, algorithms and applications have been proposed and implemented for energy efficiency. The efficiency of these networks is highly dependent on routing protocols which directly affecting the network life-time. Cluster formation in sensor network is one of the most popular technique for reducing the energy consumption and expand the lifetime of the sensor network. There are various cluster formation techniques used in wireless sensor network. In which, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is simple and efficient optimization algorithm, which is used to form the energy efficient clusters with optimal selection of cluster head. The comparison is made with the well-known cluster based protocols developed for WSN, LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and LEACH-C as well as the traditional K-means clustering algorithm. A comparative analysis shown in the paper and come to the conclusion based on some parameters.

Scalable and flexible architecture: In the sensor network the quantity of sensor nodes conveyed might be request of hundred, thousands or millions

A mobile wireless sensor network, shortly WMSN, can be defined as a wireless network of a sensor nodes that are mobile. Motivation behind a mobile wireless sensor network is to capture real world data and convert them so it can be transferred, processed, stored and later studied or analyzed (Guo, 2014). The MWSN is usually a combination of two or more technologies such as mobility, wireless connectivity and the ability to gather local information. The mobile wireless sensor network is usually deployment of a large number of small, inexpensive, self-powered nodes and receiving station (Kumbhare, Rangaree, & Asutkar, 2016). These MWSN can be effectively used for civil and military purposes.

Generally, the success of wireless sensor network depends on a vital secure data aggregation technique that accomplishes the security goals [8]. However, the security models and protocols of sensor networks are different from those that are used in other types of networks due to their hardware resources and power constraints. Therefore, efficient, secure data aggregation techniques are required to deal with energy efficiency, data accuracy, latency and protecting data.