A Experiment On Separation And Purification Methods

Title: Separation Lab Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to successfully separate a mixture of iron filings, poppy seeds, sand and salt. Hypothesis: In my opinion, I think it is possible to successfully separate the mixture.

Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out two times, both of which were successful.

The recrystallization technique utilizes the ability of a compound to dissolve within a hot solvent and produce a solution. As this solution cools, the solute reforms without impurities in a crystal lattice structure.1 For this to work properly, an appropriate solution that will not dissolve the solute at low temperatures, but will at high temperatures, must be used.1 There is no single solvent that will work well for every solute’s recrystallization; different solvents are better suited for some solutes than others.2 Some impurities that do not dissolve within the solvent can be filtered out while the solution is still hot, while other impurities that readily dissolve within the solvent shouldn’t recrystallize with the pure substance (as they are not concentrated enough to

14 mL of 9 M H2SO4 was added to the separatory funnel and the mixture was shaken. The layers were given a small amount of time to separate. The remaining n-butyl alcohol was extracted by the H2SO4 solution therefore, there was only one organic top layer. The lower aqueous layer was drained and discarded. 14 mL of H2O was added to the separatory funnel. A stopper was placed on the separatory funnel and it was shaken while being vented occasionally. The layers separated and the lower layer which contained the n-butyl bromide was drained into a smaller beaker. The aqueous layer was then discarded after ensuring that the correct layer had been saved by completing the "water drop test" (adding a drop of water to the drained liquid and if the water dissolves, it confirms that it is an aqueous layer). The alkyl halide was then returned to the separatory funnel. 14 mL of saturated aqeous sodium bicarbonate was added a little at a time while the separatory funnel was being swirled. A stopper was placed on the funnel and it was shaken for 1 minute while being vented frequently to relieve any pressure that was being produced. The lower alkyl halide layer was drained into a dry Erlenmeyer flask and 1.0 g of anhydrous calcium chloride was added to dry the solution. A stopper was placed on the Erlenmeyer flask and the contents were swirled until the liquid was clear. For the distillation

There are millions of different organic compounds. Most of them are found in mixtures and in order to achieve a pure form they need to be separated, isolated, and purified. However, there are endless numbers of possible mixtures, which make it impossible to have a pre-designed procedure for every mixture. So chemists often have to make their own procedures. The purpose of this experiment was to prepare the student to the real world by them designing their own procedure which will help them understand the techniques of separation and purification better. The goal was to extract two of the components of the

The objective of this extraction experiment was to achieve a comprehensive understanding, as well as master the practice, of the technique of separating various individual components of a compound.

Introduction: The fundamental techniques of organic chemistry lab, commonly known as SIPCAn, include separation, isolation, purification, characterization, and analysis (1). Through SIPCAn, students learn the fundamental techniques of organic chemistry laboratory. Mastering these techniques are necessary in order to perform more complicated experiments and to carry out organic reactions and synthesis. The information gained from SIPCAn included boiling point, melting point, and density can be used to identify unknown compounds. Simple distillation was used to purify a compound by separating it from a

Title: Separating Mixtures INTRODUCTION: Paragraph 1 The aim of the investigation is to be able to separate the mixture and get the amount of salt that was put in back out. In this investigation many different separation techniques must be used to get the salt back out of the mixture.

Objective: The objective of this experiment is to use acid-base extraction techniques to separate a mixture of organic compounds based on acidity and/or basicity. After the three compounds are separated we will recover them into their salt forms and then purify them by recrystallization and identify them by their melting points.

The colorless solution was poured into a beaker containing 10mL of chilled water, after the designated time, to initiate recrystallization for 5-10 minutes. 9. The nitrated methyl benzoate solution was then poured onto the filtrating apparatus and left to dry for 10 minutes. 10. The white, dried crystals were weighed and dissolved in ethanol then filtrated again and

The purpose of this experiment was to use solvent extraction techniques in order to separate a mixture consisting of a carboxylic acid (p-toulic acid), a phenol (p-tert-butylphenol), and a neutral compound (acetanilide). Extraction is the process of selectively dissolving one or more of the compounds of a mixture into an appropriate solvent, the solution that contains these dissolved compounds is called an extract (Manion, 2004).

Once cooled, the mixture was then transferred to a separatory funnel using the funnel while avoiding adding the boiling chip. 10 ml of water was then added to the mixture. The mixture was gently shaken and the phases were allowed to separate. The funnel was then unstopped and the lower aqueous phase was drained into a beaker. 5 ml of 5% aqueous NaHCO3 was added and then shaken gently. A great deal of caution was taken into consideration because of the production of carbon dioxide gas which caused pressure to develop inside the funnel. The pressure needed to be released so the funnel was vented frequently. The phases were allowed to separate and the lower aqueous phases was drained into the beaker. After draining, 5 ml of saturated NaCl was added to the funnel and then shaken gently. Once again, the phases were allowed to separate and the lower aqueous phase was drained into a beaker. An ester product was produced and was transferred into a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask. This organic product was then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 to trap small amounts of water in its crystal lattices thus removing it from the product. Finally the ester was decanted, so that the drying agent was excluded from the final product.

An ice bath was prepared in a large beaker and a small cotton ball was obtained. 0.5 g of acetanilide, 0.9 g of NaBr, 3mL of ethanol and 2.5 mL acetic acid was measured and gathered into 50mL beakers. In a fume hood, the measured amounts of acetanilide, NaBr, ethanol and acetic acid were mixed in a 25mL Erlenmeyer flask with a stir bar. The flask was plugged with the cotton ball and placed in an ice bath on top of a stir plate. The stir feature was turned on a medium speed. 7mL of bleach was obtained and was slowly added to the stirring flask in the ice bath. Once all the bleach was added, stirring continued for another 2 minutes and then the flask was removed from the ice bath and left to warm up to room temperature. 0.8mL of saturated sodium thiosulfate solution and 0.5mL of NaOH solution were collected in small beakers. The two solutions were added to the flask at room temperature. The flask was gently stirred. Vacuum filtration was used to remove the crude product. The product was weighed and a melting point was taken. The crude product was placed into a clean 25mL Erlenmeyer flask. A large beaker with 50/50 ethanol/water

The mashing process produces two different components which are a liquid, known as wort, and solids (draff) which come from the barley grains, such as the husk and also barley seedlings. Following the mashing process, wort is separated in a process called lautering. The aim of this process is to filter out all substances that are not able to dissolve in the wort and obtain as much extract as possible (Sinha et al. 2007).

AIM : Thin-Layer Chromatography can show many different characteristics of a mixture. It is recognized for isolation , separation ,identification, and anaylsis of the mixture’s components. The purpose of this experiment is to separate carbohydrates into its pure components such as mixtures of monosacrides by TLC. TLC is used to identify sugars in normal and pancreatic disease urine, the procedure is easy and reproducible .