A Female African-American Philosopher, Janice E. Cook

Dorothy Dandridge may seem to be like a beautiful and strong African American woman on the outside, but on the inside she held in a lot of pain. Dorothy Dandridge is an actress, singer, and entertainer, who no longer walk this green Earth, but when she did, she made history. Dorothy was the first African American actress to achieve a leading-role status. Dorothy also had a deeply troubled life and racism didn’t make her life any easier especially when it came to achieving her dreams, but she got through it and during her time, the early 1930’s through the 1960’s, that was saying something. Racism was a lot worse then what it is now, but it made it harder for African Americans to achieve their goals, especially African American women. Dorothy was very worth looking up to now and when she was alive. Dorothy Dandridge is a contribution to African American history because she was the first African American woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for best actress, how she fought all odds against her, mainly racism, and she made it possible to for other African American women to follow in her footsteps and look up to her as a role model.

Inez Beverly Prosser (1895-1934), was an African American psychologist of the early twentieth century. Her main focus was on the significance of racism and its effects upon children relative to the obtainment of fair and adequate education. This writing will address the endeavors, perspectives, and accomplishments of this significant yet vastly under recognized African American female psychologist. A psychologist who led us on a journey through her perspectives as seen through the mind and eyes as an African American. It would

A large issue in our country for the first two centuries, some would argue longer, of our time as our own, independent, country has been the issue of equality among races. This was an issue that was on the mind of many of the people who were very instrumental in our country including men like Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr., among others. The issue of equality among races caused lots of controversy among the people in our nation, not to mention all the time politicians spent making new laws and debating, which, in turn, cost our country a lot of money. During a time where our country was divided, in the 1880’s, a woman was born that would always be remembered. There are many things that set this amazing woman apart from the average Americans at that time. One of the things that set her apart was her disability, another was her ability to refrain from judging others because of their race, gender, abilities, or whatever set them apart and made them different. She was an inspiration to us all, and still is widely known today. This woman was Helen Keller, one of the best known women in the history of our country. Keller was blind and deaf, but she still made a huge impact on our country, even in the debate over racial equality. One time that Helen Keller surprised people in our country with her actions related to this issue is, in 1917, when she sent a one hundred dollar

Mary Mcleod Bethune was an african american woman born in Mayesville South Carolina on july 10 ,1875.Mary Mcleod was the fifteenth to seventeenth children born by her mother and father sam and patsy mcleod ,which were slaves and mary even part took in working with them on the farm at the age of five. Mary's highest thought and interest was education, and with the help of benefactors she attended college at Barber-scotia college located in Concord, North carolina. Bethune was a stateswoman, humanitarian and more known as a civil rights activist .Mary had a teaching career and taught in a couple of places like an elementary school in Sumter county , florida and also a industrial institute named Haines Normal located in augusta georgia .As long

In my advance math decision-making (AMDM) class we were encouraged to look up a famous black mathematics for black history month, so we could see that there were black mathematician in the field of work. Therefore, I choose Marjorie lee Browne known for her gifted skills in math and for her electronic digital computer center at North Carolina College.

Ida B. Wells was the most influential African American woman of her time, who set the path for many women like Rosa Parks, Shirley Chisholm, and many others, who can walk with their heads held high and no more looking back. She achieved so much while she was here on earth. Wells’ was born in during slavery in Holly Springs, Mississippi. She grew up with both parents (her mother’s name was Lizzie Bell, who was sold by a number of owners and her father’s name was James Wells, who had one master, who was also his father and whose last name he took his own) living in the home and she had seven siblings. It was important two both of her parents that their children would receive the best education, her father served on the first board of trustees of Rust College, a founder of the school, and it was ran by Northern missionaries. Once she reached her teenage years her parents and youngest sibling were stroke with an incurable disease and died from it. She decided to keep her family together by accepting a teacher position. Ida managed to continue her education at a nearby college named Rust College and once completed her moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to help with raising her younger siblings. In Tennessee, Ida started to fight for racial and gender justice; the cause for her willing to a take stand on these issues was an incident that happened to her aboard a train leading to her sue the railroad company for violating the 1875 Civil Right Act. Wells’ was an anti-lynching crusader

Louisa Lawson was born in 1848 the 17th of February and she was the second oldest out of her twelve siblings. She was born in NSW in Australia. She was a Feminist, Women's rights activist, Writer and a Businesswoman. Louisa fought for women's rights in Australia. At the age of eighteen, Louisa Lawson accepted the marriage proposal of Niels Hertzberg. In her early 20s she was a newspaper proprietor and in the next ten years she had five children, she helped her family by washing, sewing and cooking. After her 5th child she decided to move to Sydney and she would sew things and sell dairy produce and that's when she found out about men getting paid more than women. In 1887 she bought the republican magazine. Then the next year, 1888, Louisa

In 1797, Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women’s rights activist, was born into slavery. Although her real name was Isabella Baumfree, the rest of the world knows her as Sojourner Truth. Throughout her childhood, she was traded and sold to several different families, in which she was separated from her family. Her father was a slave that was captured in Ghana and her mother descended from slaves, so it was typical for children of slaves to be sold separately from their families. Originally, her family was owned by Colonel Hardenbergh, but they were sold separately soon after his death. At the young age of nine, Truth was sold for the very first time at an auction for a measly $100 to John Dumont. She spent a total of two years with Mr. Dumont prior to being sold, in which she was treated very poorly. Although she was treated very poorly, she learned how to speak English during this time, which proved to be a valuable tool throughout her life. Not only did this help her as an itinerant preacher, but it also allowed her to fight for her rights against injustices. During her time at Mr. Dumont’s, she fell in love with another slave named Robert from a neighboring farm. Although Robert’s owner forbade the relationship, Truth became pregnant and the couple had one daughter together. After the birth of their daughter, Robert and Sojourner Truth never saw each other again. Out of spite, Truth’s owner forced her to marry an older slave, Thomas, in which she

Ann Robinson. Jo. Ann Robinson earned her masters degree at Atlanta University, she became a public school teacher in Macon, Georgia. LAter on in her life she was screamed at for sitting in an empty white person’s seat. Disgusted by this she began to mobilize the segregated bus system. I used wikipedia.org. For her to earn her master's degree as a black female this was much to accomplish back then.

"More than fifty years ago I came to the conclusion that every college student who desired to learn mathematics could do so.” This quote is from the late Clarence Francis Stephens, an African American, who earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1943, during a time when African Americans were often denied access to higher education. Today, he is renown for his dedication to mathematical teaching. Dr. Stephens’s story resonates with me because it shows the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts’ (LSA) commitment to racial inclusion throughout the years, and how the College’s belief in diversity materialized into a positive effect on pedagogy, the profession that I hope to one day pursue. (Quote and information from MAA.org)

Throughout the history of math, very few women are to be found along the line. This is so, because there was a time when freedom just was not present. People were segregated by their gender, race, or religion. They led a life based on the stereotypes of who they were made out to be in the eye of the general public. Prevailing through multiple impediments was Emmy Noether. It’s impressively inspiring how much she committed herself to a field that not only is rather unpopular, but also one that discriminates against females, especially in her lifetime in the late 1800’s and 1900’s. Noether’s theorem is one of the few reasons that history will be etched by her legacy.

Many of the mathematicians in the Dark Ages where men. However that theory is wrong. The mathematician Emmy Noether was a teacher at Bryn Mawr College until her death in 1935. Emmy Noether was the oldest child of four but one of only two to survive the childhood. She was born in Erlangen, Germany on March 23, 1882. Her name is Amalie but everyone called her “Emmy”. As a child Emmy did not focus on mathematics very much. Her main focus was studying languages mainly English and French. Her mother taught her the ropes to being a women such as cooking, cleaning, and play the clavier. When Emmy graduated she passed a test allowing her to teach English and French for young women. When 18 Emmy Noether decided to take mathematic classes at

Amalie Emmy Noether is a great example of a female mathematician that was known for amazing things. For example, she is German mathematician known for her landmark contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics. Her education took place in University of Erlangen-Noremberg (1904-1907). Also, the University of Göttingen through the time of 1903-1904. (Google sites)

Mathematics has always been described as the purest science and considered as one of the most important aspects in many countries around the world, especially developed countries. Theoretically, the most significant requirements for a life of a mathematician is the mathematical ability. Nevertheless, very few women get involve in this field, which creates a myth, and slowly develops into a stereotype in society, that women are naturally not good at math. However, many people would be surprised, that “the world’s greatest living mathematician for a time was a women” (Deakin 13). Hypatia of Alexandria was, indeed, a physically beautiful woman who used her talent and intelligence to defy the stereotypes against

“Mathematics - the unshaken Foundation of Sciences, and the plentiful Fountain of Advantage to human affairs.” (Barrow) Mathematics plays an integral function in our daily living since its conception, and we thank the great mathematicians for this essential tool. Mathematics has been used in various professions and academic fields. Undoubtedly, there have been many men of old that have contributed to the science of mathematics, but what really captivates our interest, are the ones who were passionate – who dedicated their lives to the study of mathematics; the originators of various fields of mathematics who displayed remarkable work. I have narrowed the list of the top three mathematicians who I have deemed worthy of being named the