A General Model Of Colonialism And Underdevelopment

European colonialism has a lasting legacies on many African countries. European colonialism started in the late 1900’s and continued until after World War II. Colonialism is a system in which one country takes control of the political and economic affairs of another nation, and imposes policies to control another nation. In the 17th century colonizing parts of Africa became popular European countries. In the year 1677, France colonized their first African country, Senegal. Specifically, an area called Saint Louis. France was most interested in Senegal for their easy access to the Gambia river to increase access to trade routes. During this time France and Britain were fighting over African countries that had easy access the Gambia river.. Earlier, 1638 the french established trade routes in Senegal. (historyworld.net). Later, 1677 France was able to seize Senegal for the Dutch which made Senegal France 's first colonized county. European nations decided to colonize the rest of Africa during the Berlin Conference that took place. Between 1884-1885 Europeans carved up part of Africa and claimed them as their own. Senegal has a reputation of being one of the better treated legacies of colonial power. However, there are still legacies of colonial power which shapes how Senegal is today.

While the motives of colonists in the Americas were various- to build a new society, to promote Christianity, to acquire riches, or, as early colonists in New England expressed it, to secure a ‘competencie’ ; they all faced the same challenges of establishing themselves in an alien environment that would require them readjust and respond to new circumstances. It would be justifiable to submit that the main consequences of colonialism were largely detrimental for the native population. The colonisation of the Americas throughout the early modern period resulted in the decimation of the native population as they increasingly lost their traditional lands to white settlers. This can be attributed to

The truth is that imperialism was never idealistic. It has always been driven by economic or strategic interests.”

These conditions were found in the most backward territories, without technical and weaker means from other continents, especially from Asia and Africa. We must bear in mind that the crisis of 1873 caused the industrialized countries to develop protectionist policies, so it became indispensable to look for these new markets, more raw materials and places to invest and find profitability. Currently, this classical economic theory is being qualified in relation to imperialism. There are studies that consider that most of the foreign investments of the developed countries were not directed towards the new territories but towards other industrialized countries or in process of being it, like the United States. Moreover, always according to this new theory, most of the foreign trade, both industrial and agricultural products, continued to be among the industrialized countries. Finally, the economic profitability of some empires, like the British, the principal of them all, is in doubt. It would have been proven how the costs to maintain it - administration, army, etc. - did not justify the benefits obtained. In addition, imperialism did not benefit the entire population or all British economic sectors equally. The main beneficiaries were the economic sectors that invested in colonial companies while their contribution to the

New Imperialism was the third wave of colonial expansion, precursored by Catholic colonialism in the sixteenth century and Mercantile colonialism in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As the nineteenth century began, it became apparent that Europe and the United States were the dominant forces of the world, and that they were in control of defining global society. Proponents of New Imperialism believed that modern expansionism was necessary for economic, political, and cultural purposes that would benefit their own country. Furthermore, proponents also believed that colonization would modernize and incite progress in the civilizations outside of Europe and the United States. Nonetheless, New Imperialism established deep lines of contempt regarding Western power, marked with violence, throughout the world. Therefore, New Imperialism was a paltry act done by the Western world which seems to have produced little benefit.

The expansion of the European empire through the start of the 15th century became a distinctive feature in world history. By the 20th century, large parts of Africa and Asia were colonies of European powers. In modern society, there is a clear separation between the 1st and 3rd world. A main contributor to this division occurred over 150 years ago with Britain and its colonization of India. Colonization has had a prodigious influence on developing the modernity of a country. In addition to the centralized political system gained from Britain, India gained numerous modern technologies and ideologies that helped them progress as a nation. These progressions, however, have had some negative effects on India that are associated with the

The Scramble for Africa, was the occupation, division and colonization of the continent of Africa by European powers. This desire to take claim as much territory as possible stemmed from the need for resources and raw materials in order to keep up production after the industrial revolution, as well as the competitiveness of European countries that dates back for centuries. This rapid extraction of recourses would lead, as well as the previously stated completive nature of European countries would transform Africa into the continent we know today; filled with war, starvation, disease, and a lack of clean drinking water. All these modern day issues date back to the mass expansion by European nations nearly 150 years ago.

Teachers who suffer from settler teacher syndrome, act within a system of schooling meant to solidify an epistemological and ideological foundation for settler colonialism, and do so with little critical consciousness. Having been indoctrinated into settler colonialism, and by seeing the system of schooling as neutral and normal, teachers are employed as cultural gatekeepers and function to maintain systems that are harmful to students of color. One could also use Hill Collin’s matrix of domination, a black feminist construct, to explain the phenomenon. Hill Collins described the matrix of domination as structural, disciplinary, hegemonic and interpersonal in nature - “the structural organizes oppression, the disciplinary manages oppression, the hegemonic justifies oppression and the interpersonal influences oppression” (blinded for review). In both the settler colonial framework and the matrix of domination framework, teachers are both actors and acted upon. Their places within a system of domination is dependent upon them not being furnished with the opportunity to critically interrogate the system they are so intricately linked to. I argue that suffering from settler teacher syndrome is not wholly a conscious condition, but rather an (un)intended consequence of functioning within settler colonialism. I’d also like to think that they suffer from lack of knowledge, and can therefore be (re)trained and (re)taught, to think and function differently within settler

India was colonised by many foreign powers, the main coloniser being Britain. Many historians argue that India flourished as a country after British colonisation. India did profit from British colonisation, to an extent. Politically, economically, and socially, British policies were implemented, which changed India. These policies were extreme, as the Indian culture was often ignored or overlooked.

India was part of the Imperialism act. It was being ruled by the British Europeans. One benefit experienced by India was a modern lifestyle. This was important to India because they got modern education, modern technology, and modern thought. This helped the people a lot because now the kids were getting a better and more advanced education. And according to the internet, education was much more popular after colonization because social groups were less powerful. The new technologies that were being produced such as goods, guns, steel, etc. are helping to modify the new colony. It states in the excerpt from “The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule” by Romesh Dutt, “This has brought an ancient civilized nation in touch with modern

British had colonized India in 1858. India was both benefited and harmed by the colonialism. The main benefit was that India had modernized greatly.They had new technology, railroads, modern road network, bridges, telegraph lines, sanitation, and schools. However there were some disadvantages too. As stated in an article “ British are criticized for leaving Indians poorer and more prone to devastating famines; exhorting high taxation in cash from an impecunious people; destabilizing cropping patterns by forced commercial cropping...” Meaning, that the British had left the Indians poor by leaving them in overwhelming shortage of food, making them pay high taxation in cash, and they disturbed their cropping patterns by coercing commercial cropping.

The country’s history begins when the Maya Empire first colonized the area and flourished until about AD 800. (culturegrams.com) One of their greatest accomplishments in Honduras was the city of Copan, a city that was abandoned by the Maya people, and eventually became a colonist magnet for the area when imperialism in Spain took off. Honduras was first inhabited by Spaniards after Christopher Columbus landed on the Northern Coast of Honduras under the control of the Spanish King and Queen in 1592. Explorers such as Henry Cortez and Cristóbal de Olid explored the country and formed colonies. (nationsonline.com) Around this time imperialism already began to affect the native people already there. The formation of colonies caused conflicts as the nationalistic and racist ideas the Europeans had were harmful and inconsiderate of the native peoples ways. An example of this was the battle at Comayagua between the Lenca Indians and the Spanish settlers. This battle was fought by the Lenca Indians in an attempt to stop further expansion of the Spanish ways and exploitation of their native culture. The arrival of the Spaniards and their colonization set the scene for a slippery slope of imperialism’s negative effects that were to come.

Historical experiences like imperialism had been crucial in paving the way for further development and progress of colonies. This is reflected significantly in case of India where the development path of country has been deeply influenced by the colonisation under British rule through their specific strategies and policies.

The colonization of India and the immense transfer of wealth that moved from the latter to Britain were vital to the success of the British Empire. In fact, the Viceroy of British India in 1894 called India “the pivot of our Empire …” I examine the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the subcontinent. Besides highlighting the fact that without cheap labor and raw materials from India, the modernization of Britain during this era would have been highly unlikely, I will show how colonial policy led to the privation and death of millions of natives. I conclude that while India undoubtedly benefited from British colonial rule, the negatives for the subject population far outweighed the positives.

The accounts of colonial states present an interesting view of the colonial paradigm of various nations, and none paint a more vivid picture than the colonial era of India. The colonial era of India, which spanned for nearly a century, manifests in great detail the ten tenets on which the very idea of colonialism is based on. Colonialism, as an endeavour, cannot sustain on its own, and as such it is very important to systematically study the cornerstones on which the very idea of colonialism is built on.