A Guide to Computer Networks

In this project, students use Telnet in Windows 2000/XP/Vista to access a remote computer running UNIX/Linux. Students will need accounts on both the Windows 2000/XP/Vista

| Paste your answers to questions 1 through 16 in the document. Be sure to show your work.Perform the required problems.In your own words, summarize what you have learned concerning network commands available within the Windows operating system.

1-2). Now, the importance of protocols when communicating between computers is beyond critical because without the implementation of communication protocols between computers, there is no communication or interaction between computers at all! No communication between company computers and to internet databases would set a company back to the point of extinction.

As we all know, the growth of computer networks continues to rapidly grow. The digital revolution has changed the way we work and communicate almost beyond recognition. Provided that, foreseeing the changes and potential compatibility problems, in the mid nineteen eighties, the international standard organization (ISO) developed a networking reference model to standardize how network systems communicate with each other. It is a logical model for how network systems are supposed to communicate with each other. It breaks down the different components of the network communication and puts them into layers which reduce complexity. This reference model consists of seven layers: Application Layer, Presentation Layer, Session Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link Layer, and the Physical Layer. Each layer provides a service to the layer above it in the protocol specification and then communicates with the same layer’s software or hardware on other computers. It's important to realize, that these layers are separated into 2 sets: Transportation Set (Laters 1- 4) and Application Set (Layers 5 – 7). More importantly, the OSI model is 7 logical

The internet layer is built up of four core protocols: IP, IGMP, ICMP and ARP. Internet protocol (IP) is responsible for routing, IP addressing and breakdown/reassembly of data packets, address resolution protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address to a device on the local network, internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides diagnostic information and error reports on lost packets, internet group management protocol (IGMP) controls who receives IP datagrams in a single transmission. The transport layer is built up of two core protocols: TCP and UDP. Transmission control protocol (TCP) sequences and acknowledges packets sent and their recovery when lost in transmission allowing the computer to make and maintain network conversations where applications exchange data, defined as a connection-oriented protocol meaning the connection is maintained until the programs has finished exchanging data. User datagram protocol (UDP) This is used to transfer small amounts of data when the use of error correction isn’t needed increasing the speed of the transmission, common in multi-player video games as the user will not need to receive packets of past events in the game so the error correction featured in (TCP) would be

6. Why is Ethernet technology more appealing to users than the rest of the LAN technologies?

NOTE: Please write your answers to each question in a different color font to make this easier for the Professor to grade.

4. Identify the network protocols that are used in the protocols that are in the local are network at your shall or workplace. Why were these protocols chosen for your network? Was IPX ever implemented in your local area network? Why? if your network is using IP, what address class(es) is being used? Why? see if you can find out if and how class D and class E addresses are used in your network.

What services are to be permitted and denied access to your network or computer? Make a list of what enters and leaves your network. Discuss

Network protocol communications, network connections established by host computer, network routing information, information about computers

Free software is free, users can change code, and source code is available to anyone.

When a CPU is composed of two or more processors, each one is referred to as a(n) ________.

The application layer: this layer allows different applications to communicate with each other’s. In order to exchange different data over the network connection, the protocols included in this layer set up the standards such as DNS, HTTP, FTP. The data coded in this layer will be encapsulated to transport layer for further packing.

The ability to send and receive data efficiently is the most important objective of networking computers.

Well-known communications protocols are Ethernet, a hardware and Link standard that is ubiquitous in local area networks, and the Internet Protocol Suite, which defines a set of protocols for internetworking, i.e. for data communication between multiple networks, as well as host-to-host data transfer, and application-specific data transmission formats.