A History of Western Society: Chapter 20 Outline

Although, noble families are expected to get married sooner than non-noble families they still continued to make it happen. In some of the more noble families' marriages were contracted at such a young age, because of property and

     The families of Pre-Industrial Europe varied greatly depending upon the region, such as the Northwest. Such variables were the age men and women married, the age in which the teens moved away from the house to work, and also the family structure and size. In Northwestern Europe, the teens moved away from their homes at the ripe and young age of 13 years old. In order to find a place to live, the teens would have to work as a servant in a household until they were able to marry and start a household. The teens were usually not able to start their own family until the age of 24 years old. Another regional trait was the size of the families themselves. The families normally consisted of only 5-6 members, as the families were nuclear structured, not the extended-family type structure. An exception to this was the few wealthy families, which could grow beyond the 5-6 member family average. Another unique trait of Northwestern families was the integral role the servants played in everyday life. The servants were treated as part of the family, and would often eat with the family, as well as travel anywhere the family went. All of these characteristics of Northwestern European families contributed to their early success.

A young woman would marry a man who was usually significantly older than she was. After marriage, women were stuck in a home where the male was the head of the household and made all of the decisions.11 Marital choice did not exist; at least not for women. Woman were forced to marry men that they barely knew, thus even the most intimate details of their lives were decided not by them, but by others. Love was usually not a factor in the marriage equation. Wife-beating was also allowed and men sometimes imprisoned, starved, and humiliated their wives.12

Women had great social pressure on them to marry. Young girls were often married by the age of 13 or 14 . It was socially unacceptable if women were not married by the age of 25 . Marriage was mostly for economic benefits, not romantic situations. A wedding, rather than a religious ceremony, was a civil contract that set the responsibilities and duties of husband and wife . Once married, they legally became one with their husbands. Married women had no control of their earnings, inheritance, property, and also could not appear in court as a witness nor vote . Their husbands, therefore, were responsible for all aspects of their wife including discipline .

D. The chosen interpretation rests on how the narrator’s character is analyzed through her hidden thoughts.

To explain, in both the pre-industrial and urban industrial periods men were pushed into and dominant in public life, whereas women were pushed into and expected to be in the private sphere, commonly the household. In both periods, the gender roles of men expected them to be the “money-earners” as well as the heads and decision-makers of families. On the other hand, gender roles of women expected them to stay home to raise and nurture children as well as do the household work as the domestic servants of the families. Though there were comparisons between both historical periods, there was a significant difference for women in the urban industrial period as some women, specifically widows began to work, though their gender roles reckoned them to be in the private sphere. Additionally, in the urban industrial period when the men went off to war, women replaced their roles and would also work in the public sphere to provide financial support to their families. Not to mention, there were contrasts between both historical periods when viewing family size and form. In pre-industrial times, monogamous marriages and living with extended families were the norm as religion viewed marriage as sacred and private, as well as assistance was required in establishing cottage industries

For hundreds of years young children were married off early in life sometimes 12 years old for girls, and 14 years old for boys. So why doesn’t that happen now? This simply is because starting in the early 1900s the age “limit” as some would say started increasing. Now instead of having to be 12 or 14, a person has to be anywhere between 15 and 21 to get married. Some of the reasons why this change occurred is compulsory state schooling, child labor laws, and studies showing the negative effects of early in life marriages (Dahl).

marriage for women was younger than that in France, as well, they also had more children. A

D. They established a Jewish educational system for children who had been ousted from the German educational system

In chapter sixteen of "Understanding Western Society: A brief History / Volume 2: From the Age of Exploration to the Present", the reader will be presented with reading material based on Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Europe between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. In this chapter the question is presented, "What made the seventeenth century an age of crisis?" It is explained that Europe experienced economic hardships due to changes in climate, disagreements in religion, and war. The war which largely contributed to this economic crisis is referred to as the Thirty Years War. The Thirty Years War was a religious war between the Catholics and the Protestants. Tensions between Catholics and Protestants date back several centuries. After tensions had reached an all time high prior to the Thirty Years War, a truce was formed by the Peace of Augsburg in the year 1555, however the truce did not hold up as time went on. In time, Lutheran princes developed the Protestant Union in 1608, which influenced Catholics to develop the Catholic League in 1609. These groups wanted to make sure that the opposing groups made no advancements in religion or territory. The Catholics had the Spanish Habsburgs on

C. His writing style not only consisted of some literature firsts, but also his ability to make the reader feel present in the story

was delayed since they couldn’t afford it. Women married young to ensure their heirs around the age of 16 to 20. For women, marriage was the clearest mark for social hood. In many marriages, it involved the women, her parents, kin, and community (Wiesner 72.) According to Joan Kelly, a woman would have a gift, such as money or farm animals, that went to her future husband. On a woman’s wedding day, her father would parade her through her new home. If a woman were an orphan, she could choose her own husband. According to Merry Wiesner, there wasn’t much concern for romantic love. Instead, it was more about economic security, social prestige, and the hope

Because the life expectancy was exceedingly shorted two hundred years ago, many young women would be married much sooner than they are today. It was not uncommon for a young woman in her

D. “Youth curfews help keep our children out of harm’s way,” (Bill Clinton) (Patrick Kline).

Through the history of western civilization, there have been many recurring themes. One of the major themes throughout the history of this region would be political and social violence. Monarchies and other forms of government have historically struggled with being able to successfully and efficiently control their territories and societies. Various forms of governments have been used in order to find the most effective type of government for their individual countries. One main issue for these government systems was the problem of ensuring that everyone is happy and satisfied with the amount of liberties and rights being provided to them. If the general population is not happy with how they are being treated by their ruler or by the upper