A Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines

In the novel, A Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines, he writes about Jefferson, a young African American male, who has been convicted of stealing and killing, ultimately being sentenced to death. His former teacher, Grant Wiggins, is tasked with helping him die like a man. This struggle among the black characters represents the injustice of the legal (justice) system and the responsibility Grant and Jefferson must face as men because of the racial tension among blacks among blacks and whites, the slave mentality of blacks, and the progression black men must make in order to make their race better.

In A Lesson Before Dying by author Ernest J Gaines, Grant is the protagonist who is trying to do the right thing for his people. Grant is in a very turbulent situation, having to make Jefferson into a “man” by the time he is executed. This is the central plot of the story, but not the main themes and ideas of it. Grant is struggling to help Jefferson because he sees generations of injustice through him. “’We got our first load of wood last week,’ [Grant] told him. ‘Nothing changes,’ he said.” (Gaines, 53). The response Grant’s teacher gives him has a deeper meaning: he as Grants’ teacher failed to change the injustice and racism and Grant is in the same situation. “Nothing changes”, but Grant does not give up for the sake of Jefferson, his people, and most importantly, himself. At one point, Grant actually reveals that “it is too heavy a burden because of all the others who have run away and left their burdens behind. So, he,

First of all, his education is substantially different than Grant’s education. This is why racism directed towards Jefferson is different than Grant’s as well. For example, Grant is treated differently because of his education, but that does not mean he is respected as well, if not at all by some people. Due to Jefferson’s poor background, he is not treated as well as Grant. He is treated as if he “is a thing that acts on command.” (Gaines 7). The people treat him like he doesn’t have a clear mind of his own. Grant with some kind of respect, but is frowned upon because of being a negro with an education, but Jefferson is disrespected completely. Compared to Grant, Jefferson is more softer than him. Jefferson is not very sustainable to the bad things said about him. Just like the insult of his death being equal to putting “a hog in the electric chair as this.” (Gaines 8). The attorney shows that his death would be as of a hog’s. By showing that Jefferson’s death would have no significance to anyone, Jefferson becomes depressed, which shows his defeat and that he accepts the fact that he is a “hog”, that his life has no

Grant and Jefferson are on a journey. Though they have vastly different educational backgrounds, their commonality of being black men who have lost hope brings them together in the search for the meaning of their lives. In the 1940’s small Cajun town of Bayonne, Louisiana, blacks may have legally been emancipated, but they were still enslaved by the antebellum myth of the place of black people in society. Customs established during the years of slavery negated the laws meant to give black people equal rights and the chains of tradition prevailed leaving both Grant and Jefferson trapped in mental slavery in their communities.

The Jim Crow Era was peak time for segregation causing Jefferson’s journey in the novel, A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest Gaines to open up the eyes of many, no matter what one’s skin color is, by showing what it means to die as a hero even when seen as the villain. Grant is to make Jefferson a man before he dies by showing him the truths about religion, race, and the United States justice system. Jefferson also teaches Grant a few things about life, creating a unique bond between the two.

One of the many challenges associated with writing is that of writing style. It can help highlight the work when used effectively, or the opposite, if used ineffectively. Some have an intuitive grasp on matter while others struggle. In his book “A Lesson Before Dying”, author Ernest J. Gaines effectively conveys his story through his stylistic choices. He does this through Jefferson’s diary in chapter 29, Grant’s observations and thoughts throughout the story, and the “third-person" perspective of chapter 30. These things elevate the immersion of the story and gives further insight into what Gaines is trying to convey.

Grant is constantly having an eternal battle within himself on whether or not he is willing to take action against the white despotism. When Jefferson 's case is first brought up to Grant by Miss Emma and his aunt, he responds by saying, “Yes, I’m the teacher...And I teach what the white folks around here tell me to teach—reading, writing, and ’rithmetic. They never told me how to keep a black boy out of a liquor store" (Gaines ch 2). His whole education has revolved around the white system and what they want him to know and do. He feels that because he has been taught by the white-American

The stance that is taken in the court to criminalize Jefferson is detrimental because they make Jefferson lose his dignity as a man. Jefferson is compared to something that is seen as a rodent, and taking such a stance makes Jefferson lose all the hope that he has. When the defense referred to Jefferson as a boy and not a man, jefferson was being talked down by the side that was supposed to be his own. “This a Man? No, not I. I would all it a boy and a fool” (Gaines 7). Jefferson is being talked to like a boy, a fool. It is implied that he is inexperienced and he didn’t know what he was doing as much as a toddler wouldn’t. While the defense was on his side, it referred to him as a fool because of the color of his skin. The defense is making out Jefferson to be an innocent bystander and in the process making jefferson seem to be a manchild. It is not only making Jefferson seem like he was too idiotic to move out of the way, he is also being dehumanized. “I would just as soon put a hog in the electric chair as this” (Gaines ). When the defense compares Jefferson to a hog, he is saying that Jefferson is just as insignificant. It’s dehumanizing in that Jefferson is made out to be an insignificant low life. Jefferson’s defence is getting a point across, but it’s not the right one because “‘I don’t want them to kill no hog,’ she said. I want a man to go to that chair, on his own two feet.” (Gaines 13) In this quote Miss Emma wants Jefferson to know why he is

In Ernest J. Gaines novel A Lesson Before Dying, a young African-American, Jefferson, is caught in the middle of a liquor shootout, and as the only survivor is convicted of murder and sentenced to death. During Jefferson’s trial, his attorney calls him a hog in an effort to persuade the jury that he could not have possibly planned a crime like this. Having heard this, Jefferson’s godmother, Miss Emma, calls on the local school teacher, Grant Wiggins, to visit Jefferson in prison and help prove to the community, more importantly the white people, that Jefferson is indeed a man, not a hog. Throughout the book, Grant often contemplates why he is helping Miss Emma; he debates within himself whether he should stay and help Miss Emma and

The fact that Grant considers himself to be better than all of the black residents of Bayonne is one of the many things that holds Grant back from being an effective coach to assist Jefferson in his quest to become a man. Another contributing factor to his ineffective teaching is his lack of self confidence. If Jefferson does not see a worthy example of how to be a man, then he will never effectively become one himself. After a few visits to see Jefferson in his cell, persevering through his own belief that he is not making a difference, being told that he was wasting his time, he realized that he was doing much more than performing a favor for Miss Emma and Tante Lou. He realized that he wasn’t only trying to turn Jefferson into a man. This was Miss Emma and Tante Lou’s way of teaching himself a lesson on how to live his life and who he really is. “I need you,” I told him. “I need you much more than you could ever need me” (Gaines, 193). This quote represents the

Imagine a courtroom filled with racist white men except for a solitary black man: a spot of black in an ocean of white. In A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, such was the trial of Jefferson, a black man falsely accused of murder and sentenced to death. Throughout his life, Jefferson had believed that he was not destined for greatness, that he would live out his life in the sugarcane fields and die in a pauper’s grave. This was the direction his life was going before Grant started to educate him. As shown by his diary entries, Jefferson becomes a truly dignified man throughout his interaction with Grant, which is important because knowing one’s potential impact on the world fosters dignity.

After the Civil War ended, many blacks and whites, especially in the South, continued living as if nothing had changed with regards to the oppression and poor treatment of African Americans. Narrator Grant Wiggins, of Ernest J. Gaines' A Lesson Before Dying, possesses a similar attitude toward race relations. Through his experiences with a young man wrongly accused of murder, Grant transforms from a pessimistic, hopeless, and insensitive man into a more selfless and compassionate human being who can see the possibility of change in relations between whites and blacks.

Becoming a highly analyzed novel, many critics speak about their feelings. Carl Senna, one a literary critic, discusses the reasons for lack of communication in A Lesson before Dying. A large part of their communication problem comes directly from their class differences. Although Grant is not considered rich, he is well educated and lives rather comfortably, whereas Jefferson is nearly illiterate and has been a struggling farmhand most of his life. This gap that separates them makes it very difficult for them to speak. Neither one of them is at fault for this, but it frustrates Jefferson to the point where he often wants to leave the jail cell and not return. Also Grant speaks with Jefferson "reluctantly, prompted by his aunt, a moralizing scold and a nag"(Senna 5). Another good point Senna makes is that because of the time period, blacks were struggling to become equals and were more engrossed with their own wants and needs than worrying about Jefferson. Yes, they all realized that he is innocent but they are not at a time where they can fight for the innocence of this young boy. Therefore Grant "becomes their instrument in trying to save him[Jefferson] from disgrace"(Senna 5). Jefferson was not seen as much to these

In addition,Grants attitude begins to change after a few visit at the the cell with jefferson. Jefferson opened up to Grant about how he never had owned a radio or ate a bowl of ice cream in his life. Grant stated “I saw a slight smile come to his face, and it was not a bitter smile. Not bitter at all”. This action was a turning point for Grant. Jefferson’s thoughts revived Grants emotions and helped him see the actual person he was. Grant learned how to become educated and think like a man, rather than being negative all the time. He figured out that he wasn’t just accomplishing a good for Jefferson, but teaching his students that as an African American, you shouldn’t allow the white take control nor advantage of you.

Jefferson is a peculiar character in that the story is centred on his existence and, although his thoughts and opinions are seldom expressed, the lessons he learnt are completely unambiguous. As the tragic story goes, he is a very young black man unjustly condemned to death for a crime he did not commit. Furthermore, he is dehumanized in his defence when he is called a “hog” and this detrimentally affects his self esteem throughout a significant portion of the novel. However, this melancholic situation he is thrust into and his initial reaction to it is contrasted against his final moment which unashamedly reveals just how much he has learnt in his incarceration period. Jefferson, through the guidance of Grant, learns about the notion of dignity, a peculiarity that drives people towards the pinnacle of human