A Literature Survey On Challenges For Efficient High Speed Communication System

* There may be a barrier to normal methods of communication like a longer distance or a noisy environment.

A typical problem in OFDM based systems is a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The available RF power amplifiers usually have a limited linear dynamic range. This is not a problem for constant amplitude signals, however, in OFDM, due to IFFT operation, some of the sub-carriers add constructively to large amplitudes while others add destructively. The amplitude of the signals thus varies randomly and for large amplitude signals, non-linear amplifications cause errors. Therefore, error correction codes are employed. In HiperLan2, the data is coded with a convolutional encoder of rate 1/2. The convolutional encoder uses the industry-standard generator polynomials, g0 = 1338 and g1 = 1718, and is shown in Figure 4.3. The bit denoted as “A” is the first output from the encoder while the bit denoted “B” is the second one. Higher code rates are derived via puncturing. In puncturing, some of the encoded bits in the transmitter are removed

Task 1: Describe the data communication types used historically and the developments that have led to modern day Local Area Networks (LANs). Detail any emerging technologies and where you think data communications are likely to be in ten year’s time.

flow between sender and receiver, and perform the overall error control to recover any lost data to protect

Information will only have value if customers can access it at the right times. Availability can be affected by system errors, and malicious attacks as well as infrastructure problems. Availability is ensured by maintaining hardware as well as repairing hardware immediately when need arise. A correct functioning operating system should also be maintained in the environment free of software conflicts. Adequate communication bandwidth should also be addressed as well as preventing bottlenecks from occurrence.

This solution can be carried out by the government with the implementations of effective protocols; however, it is inefficient in that it requires a significant investment of time, money, and resources.

The transactional communication model is used daily in my household. Although, the messages are not always successfully sent nor received along the channels due to major amounts of noise. It is hard to

Missing a layer of management that might contribute to poorer communication. Getting messages all the way to the frontline is a challenge.

Email is also an effective communication as it can be accessed immediately and is written down for future reference. However this type of communication is relying on technology which can be disrupted or unavailable at times and could cause delays.

Yes, people need good reliable communication system for various reasons: Whether a personal chat or a business phone call, people need to conveyed messages correctly – without

All communication channels have certain characteristics that make them more or less rich. A primary goal of choosing a means of communication is to reduce the equivocality of a message.  If a message is ambiguous, it is confusing and thus more difficult for the receiver to decipher. The more ambiguous a message, the more signals and data the user has to understand. (Daft & Lengel, 1986)

The first concept covered is the transactional nature of communications. Transactional nature of communications essentially

The history of tele-communications has had a historical impact upon our social, environmental and cultural interactions. The ever advancing developments has proven to be of significant importance, and has become a crucial step in the way tele-communication is viewed and utilized. Through the implementation of IT development; the consumer or end ender is no longer dependent upon the “master-servant” distribution.

Advancements in the information technology sector have brought many benefits to the people all around the world.  Today with computer networking, we can chat, speak and see each other over a long distance. Data communication refers to the transmission of the digital signals over a communication channel between the transmitter and receiver computers. Communication is possible only with wired and wireless connectivity of the computers with each other.

Adaptive filters have been successfully applied to diverse fields including communications, speech recognition, control systems, radar, seismology and biomedical engineering. Among various types of adaptive algorithms, the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is well known and widely adopted due to its simplicity and robustness to initial condition and noise. The performance of the LMS algorithm, in terms of convergence rate, maladjustment, mean-square error (MSE), and computational cost, is governed by the step- size. The frequency-domain (FD) adaptive filter algorithm is known to be able to reduce the numerical complexity by using the overlap-and-save implementation method. It incorporates block updating strategies where the fast Fourier