A New Concept

Pollution continues to pose an enormous threat to residents of urban cities worldwide. In the August 2008 Monthly Update, it is stated that approximately 800,000 deaths each year can be attributed to outdoor air pollution, making pollution the single most harmful environmental hazard to human health in urban areas (Kallman). The fact that pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people each year alone portrays just how dangerous living in these conditions can be. Kallman writes about a study which proves an increase in upper respiratory diseases, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and low birth weights when exposed to air pollutants (August 2008: Monthly Update). These can be very serious diseases and complications which, when contracted, can lead to death or very serious illnesses. There

Patients with lung disease might be another subgroup of individuals helpless to the wellbeing effects of air contamination, since exposures after finding

Inhaling dirty air can cause throat irritation, watery eyes, burning nose, and can make it difficult to breathe. The two most detrimental common pollutants, particles and ozone, can cause respiratory problems, and aggravate cases of asthma. Certain chemicals that are toxic are released into the air, and this can cause problems like birth defects, brain and nerve damage, long-term lung injury, heart disease, cancer, and sometimes even death. Some of these pollutants travel to the upper atmosphere, which contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer. Depletion of the ozone layer is linked to higher incidences of skin cancer and cataracts. EPA’s enforcement of the programs of the CAA has made significant progress in the reduction of air pollution. This leads to a decline in air quality related ailments, and saves the lives of tens of thousands of Americans each year (Benjamin, G.C., M.D., 2011). This increase in public health would save billions of dollars in public health benefits, which far exceeds the cost of implementing these programs. Some criticism has come against the CAA, claiming that the need for reform is desperate. This line of thought insists that the CAA fails in assuming that all pollutants have “safe” levels. All recent studies, however, have shown that fine particle pollutants are not safe in any quantity. Though detrimental health effects do decline in proportion with the decline of fine

Air quality depends on the presence of chemical, physical or biological agents which influence the natural composition of the atmosphere. Wood smoke contains irritants, systemic toxins and carcinogens. Burning of wood for heating, cooking, and lightening results in exposure to such pollutants as fine particles and carbon monoxide (http://www.who.int/). It was also found that high amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in wood smoke, produce high levels of free radicals, DNA damage as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress response gene expression (Danielsen et al. 2011). There is consistent evidence that both ambient (outdoor) and household (indoor) air pollution cause upper (laryngitis, sinusitis) and lower (bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) respiratory diseases and other conditions, which can even be fatal. All family members are exposed to adverse effects of wood smoke, but the highest risk occur to women and young children, who spend the most time near the domestic hearth. It was

Ambient air in urban, rural, and industrial areas contains an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). They spread in the air as gases from some solids or liquid materials. Society and environment are directly healthy affected in short- and long-term by VOCs at trace level concentrations (2). Air pollutants toxic are class of chemicals that may consider health problems in a significant way. There are many chemical pollutants released into the ambient air from various sources, such as power plants, and spraying pesticides. There are two types of air pollutants that are primary pollutants, which are emitted directly into the air from pollution sources, and secondary pollutants, which are from primary pollutants, but after they passing from many of the chemical changes in the atmosphere (12). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled a list of 187 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). There are 30 HAPs threaten health dramatically in metropolitan areas, such as benzene, 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,3-butadiene, and chloroform that are classified as toxins (3). In accordance with the 2007 Environmental Pollution, VOCs affect adversely on health and cause many diseases, such as immune and neurological damage, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive and endocrine disorders (8). Several methods have developed for the

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. This occurs when the airflow is obstructed. Asthma affects people of both genders, all races and age. Asthma existed in ancient Egypt times and possibly even before that. (Crosta, 2000, p. 2) Asthma had been on the decline up until 2001 (Asthma In The U.S., 2011). In 2001, one out of every fourteen people had asthma. Since then asthma has been on a gradual incline. In 2009, one in every 12 people now had asthma (Asthma Statistics, 2013). This means 25 million people in the United States are living with asthma. More and more people are dying every day because of asthma. Scientists are trying to figure out why asthma has been increasing in the

Ordinarily, buildings are not designed this way. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the average American spends 93% of their life indoors. (Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology (2001) Yet the places that we spend the most time in are also some of the worst for our health “concentrations of some pollutants are often 2 to 5 times higher than typical outdoor concentrations.”(Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology (2001)

2012, 268). Today clinical studies have proven air pollution causes lower birth weight, growth retardation and malformations, particularly in soft tissue (Connell et al. 2012, 268). Many women in urban centres would have spent long times in areas of higher air pollution especially due to the low ventilation in houses and rooms, such as the kitchen. These occupation and living conditions can have substantial effects on health and by taking a wider socio-cultural, environmental and historical context (Swales 2013, 319-320) the link between these and health can be examined.

Air pollution is one the effect of the environment problem that human is faced now a day. An air pollutant is the mixture of solid or fine particle and gases that are suspended in the air usually caused by human activities, and their inhaling is harmful to human body [1]. Recently in December 2015, the air quality in the city of Beijing in China was unhealthy that forced schools to close, outdoor constructions to halt and to reduce car traffics [2]. In New York City is not also immune to this scourge. According to New York Environmental Protection, air pollution in New York City is significantly environmental threat despite many improvements [3]. This research project investigates the indoor air quality at Hostos Community College. The objective

In contrast to what most people are made to believe, the air inside your home can be 80 to 100 times more polluted than the air outside. Your home is supposed to be a safe dwelling place that’s meant to protect us from unnecessary exposure to unhealthy contaminants like allergens, germs and dust, dirt, etc. However, a continuous build-up of dirt, dust and bacteria in our air duct can lead to different kinds of chronic illnesses including allergies and

I am pursing my research in an environmental toxicology lab because I would like to understand the effect of air pollution have on human and animal cardiovascular health. Growing as a child in Taiwan, I remember vividly that I always had to wear masks to prevent allergies such as watery eyes, nasal congestion, and running nose that were caused by the dusty and air pollution in the city whenever I went into the city. I was not the only one who was affected by the quality of air in the city. My younger brother also has trouble with the dusty city air. He had an environmental triggered asthma and had to use rescue bronchodilator inhalers to relieve his symptoms. Due to lack of government regulation in air quality and urban greenery establishment

Plausibility is demonstrated in the introduction of the article. Pogodina et al. (2009) confirm the hazards of exposure to ETS. ETS consists of numerous harmful chemicals such as tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The CDC estimates that the 90% of non-smokers in the United States have been exposed to ETS. the primary exposure point for infants and children is the home. While the amount of homes going smoke-free has increased 43.2% to 66% from 1992-1993 to 2001-2002, millions of American households are still at risk of residential ETS exposure (Pogodina et al.,

This book provides a broad, interdisciplinary assessment of the hazards presented by direct and indirect environmental contaminants to humans. It explores disparate aspects of risk assessment ranging from molecular mechanisms to the practical and administrative issues of environmental management. The book's first three sections focus on principles relevant to living organisms in general, the fourth addresses the question of risks to human health, while the final section considers issues relevant to both "human" and "natural" environments.

Toxins in the air can also cause many health problems in humans which can severely affect people’s quality of life. In one study, a task force found that of 179 pollutants in Houston that might have health impacts, there were 12 substances are definite risks, 9 are probable risks, and 24 are possible risks (Sexton et al., 2006). These pollutants were shown to cause respiratory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular problems, etc. (Sexton et al., 2006). All of these health problems would have a major impact on people’s lives, and even cause death.

Pollution that is biological in nature is frequently made worse because of humidity, heat, poor housekeeping and hot water and air conditioning installations. These issues promote the proliferation of biological agents, which increases the risk of diffusion in the environment. This is frequently the case for indoor pollution because it is particularly difficult to prevent.