A Painful Divide Facing An Impossible Task Summary

West Africa has experienced migration, because of the cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups it contains, and because of the minerals, and goods it can produce. Around the ninth century C.E., in the trans- Saharan route, slave trade became popular. These slaves were used by the Arabs for military service, administration, domestic service, and concubinage. Extensive trade in the region led to urbanization, as well as the introduction of Islam. Muslim Berbers contributed to the expansion of Islam, by controlling the trade routes in Africa, and becoming conduits for economic activities, by the tenth century. During the mid-11th century, cities like Gao and Timbuktu had Muslim scholars traveling the routes, because of the intrusion of the Almoravids, and this resulted in turning these cities into hotspots for study and trade. The eleventh century brought the acceptance of the Islamic culture, and led to conversion of the elites, so they can have legal, political, administrative, cultural, and economic benefits. The Islamic culture did not disrupt indigenous African shamanist and animist beliefs, it united ethnic groups, and led to the development of Islamic states throughout Africa. (Africa, 3000 B.C.-A.D. 1500 / West African Trade /

The reactions made a small number of African natives was to resist diplomatic responses that promised the ability to maintain peace with the nations of Europe. When diplomacy failed, Africans resisted with violence, while others drew upon their religious traditions for strength in remaining independent. Yet another reaction among Africans was to encourage other Africans to fight back. Some Africans, meanwhile, complied with – and even willfully participated in – the continent’s colonization by Europeans.

During the 1800s, Europeans had a great desire to take over the colonization of Africa completely. This imperialism changed the way the African people lived, entirely. All ways of life, political organizations, and social structures were adjusted due to the large effects the Europeans had on the countries. However, one of the biggest changes was the European-dominated hierarchies and the arrival of Christianity, and Western ideals spread throughout Africa. However, the primary driving force behind European imperialism in Africa is the relentless pursuit of Africa’s abundance of raw materials to share among their countries.

different than going through it yourself.My evidence for thise statement is 1. “Each cocked his pistol, and, with fingers on the trigger, walked up to Henry, saying at the same time, if he did not cross his hands, they would blow his damned heart out.” and 2. “ Bill answered that I was sick” ... “I told him as well as I could, for I scarce had strength to speak. He then gave me a savage kick in the side, and told me to get up. I tried to do so, but fell back in the attempt”. These pieces of evidence proves that for every action there is not an equal reaction to justify the means. They do not care about how mmuch you can handle or how much you have been through only that work is done and that you obey with 110%. This disproves the position of those who defend slavery because they thought slavery took as much as it gave, but it gives little and yet takes lots. You work day till night and then get food that would probably go to the animals and lay on the dirty ground. Slavery is not equal in any way for only your master can say whether or not you have paid in full from your punishment. But what they have in mind always overdoes what you did.

The European missionaries wanted to come to Africa to share the good news of Christianity to the natives. However, often times the missionaries would get caught up in the valuable resources of Africa and make a turn for the cruel side. The novel Heart of Darkness, shows how corrupt the Europeans

Between the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilized people of Africa. Although the political leaders of European powers encouraged colonization of African empires to advance their nation’s global influence, others argued that it was only for the profiteering of the Capitalists who sought new

Africa had been the target of colonialism and slavery for many years. The colonies that European’s developed during fifteenth and sixteenth century were the main reason that started slave trade in Africa.

“Ibn Battuta’s stories give us a picture of Africa through eyes of a devote Muslim traveling all over the continent of Africa and the world. In his accounts sub-Saharan Africa is described prior to colonialism and racism. Ibn Battuta’s stories as they are transcribed in “Ibn Battuta, In Black Africa” by Said Hamdun and Noel King are representative of the only written account of this period and give us the most realistic and accurate account of this time in history.

Changes in political and cultural traditions during the post-classical period occurred in Africa because of intensive Islamic contact. When Arab conquerors introduced the Islamic faith into northern Africa, they expanded the region of commerce. Muslim merchants established trading centers for copper, iron, salts, and cotton textiles. The newly established trade affected traditional social and religious beliefs. After 1000 C.E., the kin-based social structure experienced difficult challenges. Increased conflict between peoples led to the creation of military forces for both offensive and defensive use. This led to the formation of chiefdoms exhibiting more formal structures of governing such as in the kingdoms of Kongo, Ghana, and Mali. Because most traders were Muslim, many African societies converted to Islam to improve their relations with the

Slavery was the life of the African American of how they suffered and how they were treated, and even though all this was happening they still tried to keep their family together no matter what was happening. First, in a slave's life family's where separated (chapter nine-page 433) ''A husband or wife could be sold' Quote 1. means that a wife or a husband can be sold to a new owner and they will have to leave their families and their children, but their children will stay with an aunt or uncle. Also, the slave they could not get married but they say a phrase that says ''until death or separation do us part.'' They will say this to keep a promise to each other. Also, the salves had their own culture (chapter nine-page 433) ''These native-born African American practiced their African customs''. Quote 2. means that the African Americans enjoyed their traditions. They told stories to their grandchildren. Even though they were slaves I think they should not sale each one if they are going to sell them at least let their family go with them. Also, they tried to be happy in their own way.

After watching and reviewing the video, “The Arab Muslim Slave Trade Of Africans, The Untold Story” the Arab Muslim Slave Trade can easily be considered one of the most devastating events to happen to the African people and its population. The Arab Muslim Slave Trade consisted of six major slave routes that took place across the Sahara Dessert, the Red Sea,

Beginning in 1880, there was a growing desire for European countries to expand and control their rule. The only continent at that time that was left uncontrolled and, in the European's eyes uncivilized, was Africa. This was the start of Western Imperialism. All European countries wanted their piece of Africa and to get it, they would let nothing stand in their way. They would change the entire government, religion, market, and behavior of most of the African nation and affect almost every person living there. An account of the impact of Imperialism is given in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. This book shows the changes that occurred in Africa during Imperialism and its affect on the community and the people

Africa, like many other continents, was a very tremendous and a very diverse civilization that is very complicated to introduce due to all its wonderful but also diverse features and beliefs. From the differences between its society and language to its religion and politics, Africa always had the reputation that its empires, cities, and kingdoms never progressed in the developments and achievements for their civilization. Many people believed that the Europeans were actually the cause of Africa’s achievements and advanced developments for their civilizations. However, this is further than the whole truth. Before the arrival of the Europeans between the 15th and 16th century, African kingdoms, empires, and cities had many achievements and accomplishments

I had the pleasure of teaching Aamira for U.S History while she was attending Lowndes High School. She was an exceptional student that I will never forget. I taught Aamira while she was a senior in high school. She always impressed me with her honesty. Aamira turned in a test that I graded incorrectly even though she knew she would receive a lower grade.She was one of my most remarkable students I ever had. Her final project was exceptional, she discussed the foreign policy she was the only in the class to receive a grade of an 110. She always impressed me with her leadership abilities. After she was done with her classwork, she would go beyond and help other students that were struggling with the assignment that I handed out for the day. My class size was on the larger size and it was hard for me to help everyone, so it was great when Aamira would voluntarily help other students. Aamira constantly sought out constructive criticism so she could grow as a student, which is an uncommon quality in a high school student.

Christianity in Africa is not a recent happening nor is it a product of colonialism if we go back to the very time of the apostle. Christianity in most area was confronted during the centuries after the struggle by Islam, the Christian religion suffered in some measure, but did not disappear. Christianity has been flourishing on the northern part of this continent for years before Islam was born. Christianity in North African seemed to have been well founded deeply entrenched and firmly led.