A Pathological Phenomenon

1. Your uncle consumes a quart of whiskey per day; he has trouble remembering the names of those around him.

The prototype of norovirus was identified in 1968 by electron microscopy as a cause of Gastroenteritis in Norwalk, Ohio. Human noroviruses are a major cause of Epidemic Gastroenteritis, and Epidemic Gastroenteritis is a major cause of foodborne illness. Outbreaks occur throughout the year, but it is most common in the winter. Causes 19-21 million cases of acute gastroenteritis, and contributes to 56,000-71,000 hospitalizations and 570-800 deaths, mostly among young children and older adults. Responsible for 58% of domestically-acquired foodborne illnesses, and about 50% of foodborne disease outbreaks due to known agents.

Measles is virus with a single-stranded RNA and two membranes: a fusion protein that infuses into the host cell membrane and the hemagglutinin protein that absorbs the virus into the cells. The primary site for invasion is in the epithelium of the nares. Measles is highly contagious and very infectious because it is easily transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can stay in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours and infect many people who inhale the infectious agent or touch a surface, then be introduced to a new host through touch to

This video made a lot of sense to me because not having a job can stress out you all types of ways. If a person has no source of income, no provide food, have shelter, and pay bills this causes stress. The health disparities in this video are from the employees being laid off, more ER visit was made from the stress which causes chronic diseases to form. The employees had to watch their expenses and buy cheaper food or find another way to work but for lower income. What is the job status of all employees that got laid off? Did the employees find other work? Did they have to settle for a lower income job? Some of their programs consist of employment fairs now, the unemployment checks, and in the video if they were going to school they received more money.

The mutation of existing viruses, the spread of existing viruses from one host species to another, and the dissemination of a viral disease from a small, isolated population that can lead to widespread epidemics.

Introduction: Over time we come to realize a lot of things we have to live life with right under our nose and right at our door step. one of the worst and on going things we have to deal with are Viruses. there are a wide range of different types of viruses, from ones that can kill you ,to ones that we don't even know we have, some are contagious , and some are not, and also the dreaded air borne viruses. One virus that is not commonly mentioned is Valley Fever.

Hantaviruses are a genus of virus that are single-stranded, negative-sensed RNA viruses with a tripartite genome, represented by 45 different species across a worldwide distribution (Dearing and Dizney, 2010). They are pathogens primarily hosted by small mammals, in the family Muridae, with rats and mice making up the majority of these hosts. Hantaviruses first came to be known when two major disease events occurring in the twentieth century lead to the discovery of both old and new world hantaviruses (Johnson et al 2010). Old world hantavirus were first discovered during the Korean War (1950-1953) when over 3,000 U.N and Korean soldiers became stricken with hemorrhagic fever with

The virus has received its name from its birth in Norwalk Ohio. It was responsible for a short term outbreak of gastroenteritis occurring in the students of Bronson elementary school in November of 1968. It wasn’t until 1972 the virus was examined and received its name as the Norwalk virus. Since its known birth, there have been many outbreaks with similar symptoms reported. It is believed the virus may belong to the family Caliciviridae. The Norwalk virus is actually part of a group of single-stranded RNA, non-enveloped viruses. Once a person is infected with the virus it begins to copy itself within small intestines. The symptoms would develop between 12 and 48 hours and tend to last 1-3 days.

Viruses are microscopic organisms that can only replicate inside cells of the host organism. Viruses for the most part are so small you would have to use a conventional optical microscope. Viruses can infect any and all types of organisms, such as animals (to include Humans), plants and even bacteria as well as archaea (archaea constitutes a domain or kingdom of single-celled microorganisms). There are millions of different types of viruses. With viruses being believed to be the most abundant type of biological entity, they can be virtually found in every ecosystem on the planet.

A virus is a small nucleic acid molecule that can only multiply within a living cell of the actual host. It can produce a copy of that specific virus at an alarming rate. They are becoming more dangerous today. We need to build a better knowledge base to educate healthcare professionals and parents that bacteria and viruses are two different animals. Giving an antibiotic for a virus is not going to help; it will eventually cause antibiotic resistance. With viruses, the symptoms just need to be managed with over the counter medication, rest, and letting it run its course.

When I was about seventeen years old, there was an awful virus spreading within the walls of our small village. The virus was lethal and dangerous to be around. The virus caused nausea, chest pains, infections, and a long-lasting fever. Anyone who caught this mysterious infection would be automatically excluded from our village!

Today, I have a chance to observe a pathologist who had done an autopsy. The autopsy is begun at 7: 30 A.M. The first victim is a white woman, 50 years old. The body is enclosed in a black plastic bag. The victim is lying on her supine position with her palms faced forward. The pathologist palpates the head to examine any skull damages or trauma. He starts removing the brain by incision in the back of the skull, and then the scalp is removed. The brain is coved by meninges which are composed of three thin layers. There is no abnormality of meninges found. However, there is deficiency of blood supply of the brain arteries; therefore, he predicts that the victim had ischemic stroke before death. There is no evident of dementia such as Alzheimer

I wonder why the virus affects people differently. One way it might affect people differently, is the mutation of the virus. The scientists/ kidnappers mentioned the virus might be mutating. The doctor murmured, “It wasn’t our fault the virus wasn’t quite what they expected” (Dashener, 187). If the virus mutated among the infected it might have different affects on other people, depending on what strand they received. Some of the people die within hours, and some within days. The variation in life span from infection may explain the mutation of the virus. Another way is how it affects people differently based on various circumstances. Some people might have more built up immune systems that enable them to live slightly longer. More stolid people, like toad, lived with the virus for days before they died. Where weaker people, like Misty, died within hours. The virus might have thinned and

HRS is the most advanced stage of different pathophysiologic derangements that occur in individuals with cirrhosis. Intense renal vasoconstriction that begins at an early time point and progresses with worsening of liver disease are the hallmark of HRS. The underlying mechanisms that are involved in HRS are incompletely understood but may include both increased vasoconstrictor and decreased vasodilator factors acting on the renal circulation. Type 2 HRS is gradually progressive and arises in association with the progression of cirrhosis, whereas type 1 is an acute deterioration in kidney function associated with severe renal vasoconstriction and failure of compensatory mechanisms that are responsible for maintenance of renal perfusion [Wadei

While it is difficult to pin down the origins of any personality characteristic, it seems shyness is partially determined by social context. More or less evenly distributed among children, independent of sex, it is clear that there is at least some predisposition to being shy. However, as children age, a strange phenomenon occurs: shyness mysteriously becomes skewed towards girls in middle childhood and stays lopsided all throughout adolescence (Doey, Coplan, & Kingsbury, 2014). How could we explain such an unusual shift in social styles? Perhaps parents, teachers, and peers treat shy boys and girls differently causing boys to become less shy, and girls to be more so. In fact, studies show that shy children are treated differently depending on their sex (Williams et al, 2010; Eggum & Eisenberg, 2009; Cahill & Adams, 1997; Coplan & Prakash, 2004). Unfortunately, this is not without consequences. The differing treatment received by developing shy boys does seem to have an impact on them. Instead of becoming less shy though, they may have lower perceived self-efficacy, higher anxiety, and even turn to substances at higher rates than their female and non-shy male counterparts. This paper will begin by exploring the concept of shyness and its origins; whether and how boys may be treated differently than girls who are shy; and conclude with a look at substance abuse and other problems related to shyness in boys.