A Penny Green

The penny sample is next. Initaly three pennies were picked out, observed, weighed, and recorded. Then placed into the fune hood were three beakers with 25mL of 6M HNO_3 and one penny each. The reaction made by this process

Procedure: In this experiment, various chemicals were mixed together, to determine a reaction. Using two drops from chemical 1 and two drops of chemical two, unless otherwise stated, then recording the type of physical reaction or color changes that occurred.

After 1 minute, a slight change in the color of the iron strip was noticed. It became somehow darker.

This statue seems to have been treated poorly and not with much care. It can be seen that it went through a lot causing such damage. However, because of its massive size, it was able to survive and still be in somewhat good condition. The body around the torso is relatively smooth and in tact with minor scratches. Her body itself was not as damaged but mostly around the edges of the statue were broken off. The texture seems to be of hard, rough limestone but it was smoothed out when being carved.

The purpose of the experiment is to cycle solid copper through a series of five reactions. At different stages of the cycle, copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid, and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid, the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed with the reaction where elemental copper was regenerated by Zn and Cu

The purpose of this lab was to make a substitutional alloy coating the penny in a gold color. The color of the penny depends on the Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide solution, and if heat was added or not. We took a copper penny and boiled it in a Zinc and Sodium Hydroxide solution. Then we took the penny out, rinsed it in water, and dried it off. Now the penny was silver. We then took the penny and waved it across a flame causing it to turn gold. Some errors that happened were getting Zinc in our water and over cooking the penny. These could be fixed by rinsing the Zinc off the penny in its solution before taking it out and not heating the penny for as long. A suggestion for improvement would be getting the flame at the lowest temperature possible.

The horse appeared perfectly balanced on his hind legs and was very lifelike. It was agreed that he would be paid $12,000 to execute the statue and the bronze would be provided. It took 2 years to make the plaster cast and a lot of trial and error. A statue of this size of bronze had not been attempted in the United States to that date. The bronze was from cannons which were captured by Andrew Jackson during the second war with England. The statue was dedicated in January 8, 1853 and placed in LaFayette Square in Washington, D.C. It is still there, directly across from the White House. Congress was so pleased with the delightfully original statue that they added $20,000 to the fee which had already been paid. With the mold already made, Mills was commissioned to make the same statue to be placed in New Orleans in 1856. A third replica was ordered for Nashville, Tennessee and dedicated in 1880.

Obtain a 50 mL beaker for the experiment. In the first part of the experiment, you dissolve the zinc core of a penny and leave the copper covering intact by putting four notches in

Vinegar is made by fermenting ethanol which produces acetic acid. The Ph Level of vinegar is 2.5 meaning that it is highly acidic. The acid in the vinegar will break down the minerals and cause the mineral to “fizz”. If not scratching the Mineral with a nail will expose another layer of the mineral and make it so it is more likely for the vinegar to “fizz” on the mineral.

The Cu Later lab experiment is designed to allow you to practice lab skills in implementing and performing a series of reactions. Specifically, four types of chemical reactions will occur: oxidation/reduction; double replacement; single replacement; and decomposition. You will begin with a known amount of copper metal, which, after progressing through several steps, is reproduced. In this experiment you will observe and record the various changes such as heat, color changes, and production that occur. This procedure is used to observe some chemical reactions of copper and its compounds while also performing the lab appropriately as to retain the copper as much as

In this lab, we will determine the percent composition of a modern (post-1982) penny by using a strong acid to react and dissolve the zinc core, leaving only the copper coating. Once only copper remains, we will compare its mass to the entire mass of the penny to determine how much of a penny is copper and how much is zinc.

Copper wire turned white when submerged in distilled water, little crystal-like substances forming on copper

|1. Copper metal (penny) at the start |Tarnished, worn out, brownish, copper-colored, fine solid. |

Experimental approach: In the first reaction, copper metal turnings oxidize when put in contact with nitric acid and become copper nitrate.

Copper does not rust and when in water, it turns reddish orange. After prolonged exposure, Copper develops a coat of green film called patina. This film protects it against further exposure. Also, rolled Copper has a tensile strength from 50,000 to 70,000 pounds per square inch. Tensile strength is the maximum strength a material can stand before breaking.