A Proposed Easy-to-Use Classification of Mandibular Fractures

An ORIF mandible fracture is the known as a jaw fracture this type of fracture is able to occur in two different parts of the jaw area. This is when a break occurs in the mandible bone when this occurs in either of the two places it may be very difficulties to open the jaw so this makes it very challenging to eat,chew, or to speak or all around makes it very difficult to have the full ability to open your mouth. Other things that may occur are that the teeth may not be properly lined u and this can be very annoying with having to deal with beacause you are not properly balanced out and in some cases it can cause your gums to bleed. This type of fracture is found mostly with males in their mid twenties to thirty seconds

Medline Plus defines a traumatic fracture as a trauma sustained by a fall or an auto accident; also known as a broken bone, this is when the bone cracks or breaks during a high impact situation. The traumatic fracture can also be stress fractures where the bone breaks due to overuse whereas a compound or open fracture tend to cut through the skin. Compound fractures, unlike a closed or simple fracture which is hard to see because it does not protrude through the surface. But one of the most misunderstood fractures is the sacral fracture located at the bottom of the spine its noted on Orthobullets website as being a fracture resulting from a neurologic compromise that affects both the elderly and young adults alike. While pathologic fractures

Some of the most common reasons why people seek medical attention is due to bone, joint and muscle injuries. Although, they aren’t life threatening they can harm vital organs. A fracture is a broken bone. There are two different types of fractures: closed fractures and open fractures. A closed fracture is when the skin is still intact when the fracture sit is. An open fracture, occurs when the skin over the fracture has been broken. For example, a bone protruding through the skin. When recognizing a bone fracture, you need to use the mnemonic DOTS. DOTS, stands for deformity, open wound, tenderness and swelling. Other signs and symptoms that you can use as a guide is loss of function, crepitus and is the victim refuses to use the injured part.

Although a fracture is also known as a broken bone, there are many types of fractures. Some types of fractures are more severe than others, all of them must be seen immediately. Fractures happen at least twice in our lives. Some types of fractures are also caused by age or osteoporosis which is the weakening of the bones (Melinda, 2015). The severity of a fracture depends on the strength with which the fracture was caused. A bone could be fractured in many ways such as lengthwise, crosswise, and also in multiple pieces (Stuart James, 2012).

The fracture seen in the images is called a comminuted fracture and is seen on the proximal end of the humerus. A comminuted fracture Is identified by the bone being spit into multiple fragments. As seen in the images provided the humeral head is seen with 2 fragments coming off of the medial and lateral aspects. Due to the multiple fragments as well as the patients MOI I deemed this fracture comminuted. The etiology for a comminuted fracture is described as an extreme pressure being exerted on a bone1. This matches the MOI of the patient who claimed that she fell onto her shoulder after slipping on the ice. The extreme pressure would be her entire body weight being exerted onto her humeral head during the fall and with her decreased bone density

Scaphoid fracture is the most common type of wrist fracture and is an important health problem as it affects predominately young active individuals (mean age 29)1. They are therefore of significant social and economic importance. These fractures account for 2-7% of all fractures1. They commonly occur when a patient falls onto an outstretched hand or are sustained as a sporting injury. Scaphoid fractures are notoriously difficult to image and due to the poor blood supply, has issue with regard to non-union and avascular necrosis (AVN)1.

This is where the skin does not break at the site of the fracture, and is the most common type of fracture

In this video a patient is having surgery performed on rotator cuff. Usually this kind of surgery is very server to treat. In the video the surgeon inserts an instrument to see what damage is done to the knee joint. While the instrument is inserted the surgeon can monitor the scope on the T.V.Surgery is needed if the shoulder strength does not improve. In the video the instrument used is silver tube about quarter inch in length. The tube is the size of pencil that also has camera so the surgeon can see on the t.v. screen. This kind of surgery is performed under sterile condition. In the video three incisions are cut so there three incisions are only quarter inch in length. Normal saline is used to help with washing out bleeding. This type of surgery involves joints and local anesthesia to be administered. The procedure they are performing is rotator cuff surgery. Personal experience this pass December, I had to have arthroscopy surgery on my right knee I tore my meniscus.

Fractures are bones injuries that crack or server a single bone or multiple bones depending on the severity of the damage. Bones can break in any part of the body from the legs to the back. These injuries happen for a number of different reasons from falls to car accidents. Some examples

Predict what would happen if during an accident the periosteum and the muscle were removed from a side of a long bone that is broken.

A fracture is a break, in this case a break in the patients humerus, occipital bone and 3rd Lumbar vertebral body

This was then measured and 85 mm was found to be the appropriate length. The core was cut for the sliding screw without complication using a pre-set reamor set at 85 mm. The tap was then used to tap the way for the proximal screw and an 85 mm sliding screw was inserted across the fracture sight into the head and neck without complication. A four hole 135 degree side plate was then attached. We slid it over the depwheeze sliding screw and attached it to the proximal femur using a lommen turkey claw clamp. With the fixation in place AP and lateral fluoroscopic images throughout the fracture sight and hardware position confirmed good reduction and good placement of the hardware. At this point the side plate was then secured to the proximal femur using the 3-2 drill bit to drill a hole measuring the approximate length with the depth gauge and placing 4-5 cortical screws of the appropriate length without complication. At this point the compression screw was inserted. All traction was left off and the compression screw was tightened impacting the fracture nicely. All screws were then tightened with the screwdriver. The lommen was removed, as was all hardware. Multiple views in the AP and lateral plains of the fracture

Linear is a non-displaced skull fracture and is the most common of the types. There is often no physical signs of a linear fracture. Depressed skull fractures result from high energy direct trauma to a small surface are of the head. Boney fragment can be driven into the brain. Often have neurological deficits and signs. Basilar fractures are associated with high-energy trauma and may show signs of CSF drainage, raccoon eyes, or battle signs. Open fractures are associated with multiple body injuries, brain tissue may be exposed increasing chance of infection.

Two major classification are utilized, the Denis Weber, AO and the Lauge Hansen. The Denis Weber classified fractures as to the location of the fibula and the components of the ankle that have been injured. In the Weber type A fracture, The fibula is avulsed distal to the syndesmotic ligaments, and the medial malleolus is fractured vertically. (19)

The right humerus shows evidence of a transverse fracture, unknown if ante or post mortem, with teeth marks from scavengers. The right radius and ulna appear normal, with minimal damage from weathering and scavengers.