A Report On Aedes Albopictus

West Nile Virus is known as an arthropod-born virus, or an arbovirus, and are transmitted and sustained within blood feeding arthropods, such as the mosquito. The disease, while having no apparent effect on the host, is then transmitted as the mosquito takes a blood meal. As the source of infection, the mosquito or other blood feeding arthropod is known as a primary vector. However, because the life cycle of the mosquito is reletively short an additional host is needed to maintain the life cycle of the virus.

In the article” When mosquitoes were killers in America” by Lauren Tarshis, there is evidence that discussed how mosquitoes were far more than a nuisance. The article talked about the symptoms of having malaria. Tarshis said,”Those who become sick get high fevers, bone - rattling chills, and painful muscle aches.” It must have been very painful for people in the olden days who had malaria. The current generation is very lucky because there are medicines that reduce pain. Malaria is a deadly disease caused by mosquitoes sucking blood and transferring the blood to another human's body. Tarshis talked about how many people die in a year due to mosquitoes. The article says” In this way, bite by itchy bite, 212 million people are infected with malaria

No one would have ever thought that a little bitty bug, with a painless bite could cause so much harm. This deadly virus was going around for awhile until it suddenly disappeared for about 20 years, causing everyone to make false assumptions that it was gone forever. Mosquitoes, the pesky bugs, will sooner, rather then later, become a threat once again.

The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) is a highly destructive invasive beetle which attacks and kills all species of ash. The emerald ash borer has already killed millions of trees in North America and is on track to kill many more. Emerald Ash Borer was first discovered in North America in 2002. It is thought to have been shipped to Canada in untreated wooden packaging materials. The range of Emerald Ash Borer in Ontario is rapidly expanding through the movement of infested materials.

What is an invasive species? An invasive species is a species not native to an area, in this case not native to the Great Lakes area. A non-native species is a species that originally was not in a certain location but was brought there and causes a lot of damage. An invasive species also is a great danger to the environment and can cause damage to humans, plants, and animals. In Illinois and the Great Lakes area there are more than 180 invasive and non-native species. That means a lot of damage is made into our environment. One particular invasive species is Agrilus planipennis, more commonly known as emerald ash borer.

When consumer goods are brought from abroad and land on American soil, they often bring with them insect species devastating to our native vegetation. Just like how the Native Americans didn’t have immunity against smallpox when the Europeans settled, our trees don’t have immunity against the various bugs that trees in Asia, Africa, or South America have adapted to fight.

This journal article examines Ross River Virus (RRV) as an intriguing and significant arbovirus that is endemic within Australia. Harley et al. discusses the early outbreaks and discovery of RRV, the immune response to infection, the epidemiology and the impact on public health. In this journal, Harley et al. states that the first detailed outbreak of RRV took place in 1928 in New South

In year 2013, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) get report of 2605 cases as regards to noticeable arboviral disease, comprising those caused through 2469 cases of WNV (West Nile Virus), 85 cases of LACV, 22 cases of JCV, 8 cases of EEEV, and 15 cases of POWV, and cases of few other diseases. These cases were stated from 26 percent (830) among the 3141 nations of U.S., no cases were stated from Hawaii or Alaska. The WNV virus is having majority of cases from all other cases. Therefore, it is measured as a vital or serious disease. (Nicole P. Lindsey, 2014)

Mosquitoes are the host to many diseases the pose a threat to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Endemic birds are the most affected by the transmission of avian diseases through mosquitoes. Controlling the mosquito popular is key in bringing back the native bird population.

West Nile virus is the most significant exotic mosquito-borne disease that has come to the contiguous United States in the last century. Outbreaks have proven extremely difficult to predict and control and have been associated with considerable morbidity. The large outbreak in 2012, which caught many by surprise, indicates that West Nile virus will remain a formidable public health challenge for years to come (“FAQ: West Nile Virus,” par. 3).

The Emerald ash borer is native to Asia. It is believed that the beetle was first introduced to theU.S. by means of wood crates from Asia but scientist are unsure of the exact means of introduction. Theeats Ash trees and are found in both young and mature trees. The adult Borer eats mainly foliage whichin comparison to the immense amount of damage the larvae do under the bark of the tree. The Larvaetunnel and destroy the cambial layer that lies just under the bark. The tree slowly dies from the canopydown as the nutrient supply is cut off due to the larval tunnels encircling the trunk and thus not allowingnutrients to flow to the canopy. The adults can be identified by the metallic green bodies. Long andslender the Borer measures approximately 8.5-13.5 mm long and black compound eyes and a flattenedhead.

Over seventy years ago the world was tossed into a war that touched every corner of the globe. The war would take the lives of over sixty million people from it’s start in 1939 to it’s end in 1945. Over those six years each side would develop new technologies to kill and destroy the enemy. However, the Allies biggest advantage would be their advancements in medicine that allowed more men to return to the front.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says as many as 4 million people could be infected in the next year in America. Subsequently, “On January 27th, Brazilian health officials reported a total of 4,180 cases since October 2015, and 287 more cases more cases a week earlier.” (Rosen 16). Health officials take a lot of time investigating many cases that have appeared in more than 20 countries, including the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The amount is rising more and more. In addition, the only places that were recorded to not receive the mosquito-borne virus were Canada and Chile, because of their lack of a large mosquito population. However, what does that mean for the

By learning about different viruses in class, it sparked my interest in further researching a common virus known to the word called West Nile virus. Affiliated with the genus Flavivirus, this virus can be transported globally due to being classified as a mosquito-borne arbovirus1. Mosquitoes, belonging to the genus Culex, can facilitate the transportation of this pathogen by consuming the blood of an infected bird, being the main reservoir, and then passing it on to another animal or human1-3. Mosquito activity is at its peak during the months of summer and autumn, therefore these months depict the most cases of West Nile virus4. Humans play no role in the transportation as they are coined dead end hosts due to not being able to produce enough

One of the most striking dividing lines between realms is the Wallace Line between Australia and Asia. Because Australia is isolated from the Asian land mass its biodiversity is rich with different species and ecosystems. However, due to trade and human transport methods the highly adaptable and dispersive Aedes albopictus (typically native to Asia) has been located in the Torres Strait (between Papua New Guinea and Australia) with invasion to mainland Australia imminent. This r-strategist has adapted to different environments to promote egg fecundity and viability enabling it to spread further as well as being epidemiologically important threatening global health. This report aims to provide an insight into the species and aims to assess the current damage caused by the invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in the Torres Strait.