A Report On Ants And The Plant Seed Dispersal Mechanism For Plant Seeds

Pheidole Megacephala are commonly found in cool to warm enviroments, such as subtropical and tropical regions. Regions such as southern parts of North America, Central America, Africa, and Islands of the Americas. In their colony, it is consisted minor workers, fighters, soliders, and obviously the queen. Each of the groups of ant play a major role in order to advance their colony either territorial or food wise. When on the hunt for food the minor workers are in charge of bring the food needed or the larvaes or the queen. Fighters they remain near the nest just incase of any threats from another species. Also, the fighters help the minor workers protect larger food from other ant colonies. Minor workers their job is to patrol the ground, search

Moreover, the natives give food to the other animals in the ecosystem, including birds, tortoises, and or insects. The Mojave desert natives are dying as the result of the Saharan Mustard taking all of their resources. The Mojave desert tortoises are affected by the reason of they are herbivores, an animal that consumes only plants, and so they need the natives to survive. Consequently, this sets off a chain reaction in the web, and it affects everything in that ecosystem. The chain reaction is set off because what affects one plant or animal affects everything else. Moreover, the Saharan Mustard is a rapid seed dispenser, and it does not help that the ants that live in the Mojave desert love the seeds. Consequently, this is more problematic to get rid of the invader.

The role of predation is critical in shaping ecosystem structure and function (Berger et al., 2001; Hawlena and Schmitz, 2010). Predator-prey interactions can alter community composition (Kneite and Chase, 2004), mediate trophic cascades (Mooney et al., 2010), increase biodiversity (Letnic and Ritchie, 2012), and affect species invasions (Snyder et al. 2004). Furthermore, predators can control the dynamics of prey populations by influencing such aspects as survival, growth, behavior, size structure, and distribution (Beauchamp et al., 2007) while prey can likewise regulate predator populations (Yoshida et al., 2003; Ishii and Shimada, 2010). One of the primary components of predator-prey interactions is the behavior and subsequent survival of prey in the presence of predators which we focus on in this study.

In my opinion, i don’t think maturity is dependent on a person’s age because some adults are still ignorant on important things in society. I believe it has to do with what you know is right and having common sense no matter what age.

After the discovery of red ants at Port Botany, inspectors are asking for homeowners to be vigilant for signs this insect has appeared on their property. While these are a problem in some parts of America, this type of ant is rarely found in Australia and the government would like to keep it that way. To help you know what you are looking for while you are outside doing some winter garden maintenance, these are the three main facts you need to know about red ants.

Organisms in our society are always interacting with one another on a daily basis. These interactions impact the fate of the organisms lives, and that of the rest of the ecosystem. These interactions can either be direct and indirect. A direct organism affects an organism without outside interferences, while an indirect organism interaction is when an organism interacts an organism by its effects on a third organism. The three different direct interactions are competition in which both organisms interacting or negatively effect, mutualism in which both organisms benefit from the direct interactions, and predation in which one organism benefits from the interaction while the other one does not.

The reason there were ants in the kitchen and classroom was because of the refrigerator. The refrigerator was unacceptably, filthy, with some type of dry, yet sticky substance. There were dead ants in bottom of the refrigerator enmeshed in the substance. When the terminator came to treat for the ants, he followed the trail from the outside classroom door, where the ants were, along the wall of the classroom, into the hallway, to the kitchen, along the floor board of the kitchen, into the refrigerator.

Two examples of interspecific competition, which is the competition for limited resources between individuals of different species are lions and leopards because both feed on the same prey, and two different species of trees in a dense forest because they compete for the incoming sunlight (Diamond, 1978).

If resources are limiting, one species, with an advantage, will drive the other to extinction. The competitive exclusion principle refers to the idea that complete competitors cannot coexist. In an environment where resources are constant and limiting, one species will always have some sort of advantage for competing for these resources. For the other species, the only way out of the situation is to become extinct, or move to another niche. Gause experimented with this theory with two species of Paramecium, where he kept them competing under constant conditions. One species would always outcompete the other. The only way for the other to outcompete the first is if the resources were manipulated.

Ants won't kill your maple tree directly (Acer spp.), but that doesn't mean that an ant infested maple tree isn't at some risk. The holes and tunnels left behind by carpenter ants can make tree limbs weaker and more likely to fall from the tree during windy weather. Holes made by ants may also make the tree more susceptible to diseases and pathogens that could kill it, even though the ants themselves will not. The biggest threat of ants in a maple tree, however, is that they will use the tree as a bridge to your home or other structures.

Apex predators are capable of directly and indirectly influencing the function of their environments by generating trophic cascades in response to their addition, or removal, from an ecosystem. Apex predators can alter the behavior and abundance of other animal species, as well as influence the productivity and diversity of plant species within their ecosystems. A trophic cascade can be referred to as the presence, or lack thereof, of an apex predator that directly affects lower trophic level consumers (e.g. herbivores) and thereby indirectly alters producer (i.e. plant) abundance or distribution. Trophic cascades have been recognized in all of Earth’s major biomes, especially in aquatic and insect filled systems.

Organisms within a predator-prey relationship are intertwined in a co-evolutionary battle for survival. Each depends on food, shelter, the environment, and the random chance of evolution in order to maintain balance in the relationship. If chance favors one side too heavily, it throws the species into disequilibrium and can lead to the demise of one or more species. Because of the potential severity of the consequences, it is important to investigate the contributing factors that help maintain a healthy predator-prey dynamic. In order to reach solid conclusions, a well-rounded research approach is required, lest one side of this is disproportionally represented. First, the survival mechanisms of prey will be explored through the example of

Gall inducers and galls are part of multi-trophic level ladders that include plants, insects, birds, and other animals. They are a demonstration of co-adaptation and evolution between commensal participants – the gall-inducer, the gall, other gall occupants and the plant. Galls are found globally – there are 14,700 species documented. (Mani, 1962).

Meat ants, also known as gravel ants, live in Australia. They can be found in the biome of Deciduous Forest. Some meat ant colonies are even found in urban areas. These ants usually build their nests in sandy/gravelly places. Their nests are underground, however this is difficult because, the nests are easily destroyed when something/someone steps on the surface.

gathering food to fighting. For these ants, colony life centers around the nest which can be