A Report On Bacillus Anthracis

|By ingesting bacterium or viruses from the |The person that ingested the bacteria could |Wash hands after investigation to remove |

Anthrax is a fatal infection of the skin, respiratory system, or gastroineutinal systems. Affects most animals that are herbivores. The life cycle of anthrax starts with the animal and when the animal dies, the diseases sits on the soil while the other mammals eat the grass from that spot. Louis Pasteur developed a vaccine for his sheep to prevent them from getting anthrax which led other doctors and scientist to acknowledge

disease, the infected person would notice black painful lumps. These boils would usually appear around the

The bite of an infected tick is the primary mode of transmission to humans, or other vertebrate hosts, though it is also possible, but extremely rare for infection to result from exposure to crushed tick tissues, fluids, or feces. (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rmsf/Natural_Hx.htm)

The disease was caused by rats and rat fleas but, also from human to human by breathing the same air. Scientists know that the bacillus travels from person to person, through

It is transferred into the human body by a tick that is implanted into the skin for at least three days.

Scientists know that it spreads from person to person, or through the air. It could also be known that the bite of both rats and fleas that were contaminated could be at fault as well. They could’ve been found anywhere in Europe at the time. If anything, they were found more at home in ships of all types. Due to the ships carrying the dreadful plague is how it traveled city to city.

As stated before, it is transmitted via a bite from an infected tick. There are two main species of ticks, Ixodes scapularis, the blacklegged tick, and Ixodes pacificus, the western blacklegged tick. Ixodes scapularis is mainly found in the northeastern, mid-Atlantic, and north central United States while Ixodes pacificus is found on the Pacific coast of the US (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). The most common reservoirs of these ticks are the white tailed deer and the white footed mouse (Wadsworth Center, n.d.).

There are only a few ways to become infected with the bacteria, being bitten by an infected flea or coming in contact with an infected animal's bodily tissues or fluids. Whether a person has contracted the bacterium or not can

The origin of anthrax. Anthrax spores occur naturally in soil and are found in animals such as cattle, sheep and goats. They can also be produced in a lab. Anthrax has first been used as a weapon in biological warfare in WW 1 by the German military. Japan, The United States and Great Britain also experimented with anthrax as a weapon.

Infection can occur when open skin or wounds come into contact with foreign bodies carrying C.tetani spores such as soil. The typical example is stepping on a rusty metal contaminated with soil, dust, or feces. Because C. tetani is an indigenous intestinal flora of humans and animals, spores under anaerobic conditions in the wound, will germinate to vegetative C. tetani cells which produce the exotoxin in vivo (in the living body of a plant or animal). Person to person does not occur, but it’s infectious as acquired through environmental exposure. (Burton’s Microbiology for the Health Sciences 2011 P248 &

These blisters usually just appear on uncovered skin, such as the face and hands, but can also be found anywhere on the body once they have taken root.

to synthesize a protein capsule (poly-D-gamma-glutamic acid). Like Bordetella pertussis, it forms a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase exotoxin known as (edema factor), along with lethal factor. It bears close genotypical and phenotypical resemblance to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. All three species share cellular dimensions and morphology. All form oval spores located centrally in an unswollen sporangium. B. anthracis spores, in particular, a

Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium. The most common victims of anthrax are warm-blooded animals, but it can also infect humans. Anthrax spores can be produced in a powdery form for biological warfare. When inhaled by humans, these particles cause respiratory failure and death within a week. Because anthrax is considered to be a potential agent for use in biological warfare, the Department of Defense (DOD), in 1998, announced it would begin a systematic vaccination of all U.S. military personnel. (DOD, 1998) Anthrax infection occurs in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. B. anthracis spores can survive in the soil for many years and handling animal

     Transmission of the parasite can occur in several different ways. Direct transmission can occur by handling infected animal or human feces. One quarter of reported direct transmission infections occurred by direct contact with feces, while the rest were reported to have happened by person to person contact (Donnelly & Stentiford, 1997).