OF DISCHARGING OIL INTO STATE WATERS UNDER THE MARINE POLLUTION ACT Introduction 1 In Newcastle Port Corp v MS Magdalene the Land and Environment Court of New South Wales (LEC) heard the prosecution of the MS Magdalene for the discharge of 72,000 litres of oil into the Hunter River. While the Marine Pollution Act (NSW) (the MPA) determines that it is strict liability offence for any vessel owner and/or master to discharge oil or an “oily mixture” into State waters (with maximum fines of $10 million
Shipping is one of the best examples of generators of externalities. There is a range of externalities involved in shipping such as water, noise, air, congestion, death and injury. The economics of maritime safety and environment specialises in studying the relationship between the economic system and the maritime safety and environment system and the way the two systems interact. Such a study aims at achieving a balance between the objectives of the two systmems. In order to face these externalities
this, the limited space in a body of water or area of land is quickly taken over by the invasive species so other native plants face the risk of death or even extinction. Overall, these invasive species can do great harm to an ecosystem or an economy, causing problems that are destructive to numerous organisms. Eurasian milfoil or Myriophyllum spicatum is an aquatic invasive plant that can be found throughout the Chicagoland area and in surrounding bodies of water. This plant can be a hinderance to
industry makes billions of dollars without attention to the marine life. It therefore stands to reason that the United Nations are taking a great interest in getting countries to at least look at local legislation to govern their territorial waters. Using a report from 2002, examining these unsolicited contributions through waste streams and other impacts will demonstrate that the problems are still widely present perhaps due to the influence by the cruise liners. It is my intention to highlight the
the production heaters, which lead to the accumulations of hydrocarbons which brought about the initial explosion. There was also a second explosion, caused by gases escaping through a leakage which lead to the structure’s eventual sinking. In this report I will be discussing which were more important to the disaster, technical or human factors and what risk controls should have been in place to avoid this disaster from happening. The main technical flaws were component failure without a backup system
gills which will lead to suffocation; inhibit water birds spawning and hatching,
Some of the precautions that Enbridge has taken are that 70% of the pipeline will utilize previously disturbed land, it will dig deeper under water areas for more protection and ten pump stations will be powered by electric pumps to reduce noise and greenhouse gas emissions (Enbridge Inc., 2013). Even though all these precautions have been taken, the problem with a project like this is that there
Introduction An estuary is semi-enclosed bay where sea water mixes with freshwater. They are home to 70% of the world’s marine life. The port river estuary defines the areas of North Haven, outer harbour, barker inlet, Torrens Island, the St Kilda mangroves and other areas near to the coastline. It is located approximately 20km north west of the city of Adelaide. The following report will discuss the environmental resources and humans have affected the local ecosystems. Environmental Resources
our earth is or compared it to the amount of water that is on our planet? An astonishing 71 percent of the earth is covered in water. About 97 percent of that water is our oceans. We also have water in our lakes, rivers, glacier caps, and in our air. Now imagine how many aquatic animals live in the water. There is over one million known species that live in these waters and over 9 million that we have yet to discover. Due to trash being dumped in our waters we are destroying our oceans. Because of this
Negative impacts of Dinoflagellate algae: economic, ecologic, and human health hazards ABSTRACT Increasing pollution both atmospheric and oceanic are encouraging algal growth and increasing the frequency and geographic range of high density dinoflagellate blooms. Public health and economic impacts, as well as negative ecological effects of the aquatic environment are increasing the scientific research done on toxic dinoflagellate species. Contaminated bivalves are causing paralytic shellfish