A Report On Electrical Vehicle

Abstract—In this modern era, many advancements in technology have been witnessed. Research and data collected around the world have allowed for these advancements to take place. This has allowed for a better understanding of the footprint humans leave on the environment. As a result, this has allowed for the planet to become eco-friendlier. An eco-friendly advancement in the 21st century is the electric vehicle. There are a plethora of benefits using electric vehicles. Some advantages include no emissions, cost-effective, and low maintenance.

The United States of America is one of the biggest automobile markets in the world. This trend has also created awareness for environmentalist to bring attention to rising level of pollution and emission within the cities and metropolis. As response, the U.S. Government is encouraging the automobile manufacturers to produce clean and renewable alternative vehicles that will drastically reduce pollution and emission. Subsequently, the automobile industry has witnessed a gradual introduction of environmental friendly vehicles that use clean and renewable energy to encourage less pollution and safer environment. The manufactures of these vehicles have introduced into the market three categories of electric passenger car

After the success of electric cars in the West, manufacturers from around the globe are entering into this business. With more players in the market, the competition is expected to be intense.

Electric cars are vehicles, which, instead of internal combustion engines, are driven by electric motors and controllers. They have proved to be a good substitute for conventional vehicles and are considered as a revolutionary innovation designed to protect the earth from the damaging effects of global warming, as they work on the electricity supplying the integrated rechargeable battery that can be easily recharged. Compared to traditional means of transport, electric vehicles seem to be more viable and environmentally friendly because they do not need oil or other fossil fuels as an energy source but the high cost of such a car and other important issues of exploitation discussed in this paper make their use very doubtful comparing to the usual cars.

In contemporary world, the gasoline’s price has increased so much that there are less people to buy gasoline cars. Therefore, a newly developed car which use the electricity as power comes into people’s sight. There are some comparisons and similarities between the electric cars and gas cars.

In 2016, there were 17.55 million cars sold in the US and electric vehicles (EVs) made up less than 1%, accounting for 150,000 vehicles, – up from 17,500 sales in 2012. EV’s have been slow to capture market share, although their growth may allude to a tipping point in the near future.

Imagine never being locked out of your disgusting gas-guzzling vehicle in sub-zero temperatures pumping your car full of toxic chemicals and then later emptying your bank account to pay for the environment killer ever again. This reality is near and approaching faster than ever before. Although, it is not completely beneficial. It is evident that at an international level, electric cars are needed. But, this is only one side of the story, despite common belief, electric vehicles are not always good for the environment. It is true that they will benefit bank accounts, however, the only way for electric cars to improve the environment is if they are powered by clean renewable energy.

Fully electric cars are the future of ground transportation. The use of electricity in cars will also have a massive impact on future transportation.

Electrical vehicles technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in the past few years. Electric vehicle ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon and carbon dioxide and the advantages it enjoys such as low maintenance and running cost can enhance it market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store charge more long lasting, the global need continue to rise. The research proposal, therefore, aim at addressing an issue like government involvement can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.

Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.

Technology has been advancing since the turn of the century at an unparalleled pace with the constant announcement of new gadgets and innovations. Of the thousands of new technological advancements made in the past decade, the introduction of the electric car has been the most widely discussed topic. Electric cars are one hundred percent emission free and can replace the fire spitting, bone chilling sounds of a thunderous gasoline engine with the eloquent silence of luxury and speed. However, as with all things technological, electric vehicles have their problems. Electric cars have several benefits and could possibly replace gas cars in the future, but they are not refined enough to take over the world today because of a few technicalities

In the market today, there are some factors that can pose a problem to all the market players’ including the Model S.  The idea of fully electric vehicles is still a new idea in the eyes of consumers.  The major concern for the market would be the location and proximity of charging stations for the vehicles.  Major cities are starting to increase the amounts that are located within them, but are still not as readily

 There is a serious problem facing the world right now.  It is air pollution.  The number one contributor to this epidemic is automobile emissions.  We have all heard of the issues that are involved with air pollution including the depletion of the o-zone layer, the green house effect, and acid rain.  The problem has been scoped from every imaginable angle, and now it is time to solve the problem.  I propose that each of the ‘Big Three’ (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler) car manufacturers be required to have 10% of their product line as EV’s By the year 2010.  I propose this because it will be the start of cleaner air, EV advancement, and awareness of EV’s and how they work.

Fast charging is becoming the leading technology used to reenergize electric vehicles in 30 – 60 minutes. With the ownership of EVs doubling each year, the need to implement efficient, fast charging infrastructure is progressively increasing. There are two technical approaches to establish fast charging 1. via a high power, 3-phase AC connection from an AC charging post at the charging station to an on-board high power charger in the EV or 2. via a high power DC connection from a high power DC charger at the charging station directly to the terminals of the battery in the EV. In this section, we will review AC level 2, DC/AC level 3 charging stations to improve our knowledge and the design of our project.

The project is to design an electric vehicle that has to be road worthy and comfortable to drive off road as well. We are doing These because it is the future of Automobile industry. These is fully ecofriendly and these is one of the best solution to decrease the carbon emission in our environment. EV which we are design is Fully built from Scratch, which is look like a Wheelie jeep. Because its roadworthy so we have design this car under the concern of the New Zealand Transport rules and regulation. The car is two doors with two Seating capacity. we have to make it lighter and off road drive so we choose the poly carbonate shell material. The car is fully electrically automated with electric power steering and some other feature. It also has an Electrical winch which is detachable at front or back. It is a four-wheel drive and with high torque and doesn’t produce any excessive sound. The car has a AC motor as drivetrain and the energy source for drive is a lithium Batteries which is highly efficient as compared to other battery. We design good breaking system because electric motor has a very high acceleration as compared to CI cars. EVS running cost is much lower and very less maintenance. It has a range of 80 km per charge and it can be charge in your garage 240 V plug socket. The money spent on the EVs has reasonable and payback to us.