A Report On Gleevec ( Imatinib Mesylate )

We have decided to research techniques to better engineer medicines. Making medicine more personalized and tailoring them to a patient’s body chemistry can greatly reduce the risk of side effects and can make treatment more efficient. This can be done by using information about the patient’s genetic makeup and where the disease is localized in order to target the infected cells specifically. We have decided to narrow down our research on cancer, specifically leukemia. Cancer can result from any number of genetic mutations and these malfunctions can lead to an unmanageable division of abnormal cells that then leads to the growth and spread of tumors. Leukemia is a type of cancer originating in the bone marrow. Because leukemias are cancers of the blood, it does not create any solid tumors. Instead, the cancerous leukemia cells circulate in the blood, going virtually everywhere. Diagnosis is commonly made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy. However, it is difficult to detect leukemia early on since patients with slow-growing types of leukemia don’t present with symptoms until much later, making treatment difficult and less effective. Furthermore, the treatments currently being used, for example stem cells transplants, have a number of side effects such as infertility, chronic fatigue, thyroid dysfunction and the probable risk of developing a second cancer. The challenge, therefore, is to modify the means for early detection of cancer, improving personalized

I am a Pediatric hematologist/oncologist and a physician scientist with specific interest in pediatric leukemia. After graduating from medical school in India, and completing residency training Pediatrics, I joined Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital for fellowship training in Hematology-Oncology in 2010. After the initial clinical year, I pursued basic science and translational research under the mentorship of Dr. Sinisa Dovat. I successfully obtained funding from Hyundai 'Hope on Wheels' foundation and St. Baldrick's foundation to continue my research project beyond fellowship training period. Results of our study showed that, Ikaros function in leukemia is impaired by pro-oncogenic Casein Kinase II (CK2) and that inhibition of CK2 restores

Optimal management of NSCLC now requires that tumours be screened for a certain range of predictive and prognostic biomarkers that help to predict sensitivity to targeted therapy and estimate prognosis respectively . For NSCLC, much of the work in the past years has been focussed on mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and on the abnormal fusion of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) being inhibited successfully with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and crizotinib respectively. Targeted agents are now being rationally designed to inhibit particular mutations leading to a more streamlined clinical trial process. In this review, we will examine the major subtypes of driver mutations that have been identified in NSCLC and relevant targeted therapies available both now, and in the foreseeable future.

According to the oral cancer foundation, “Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals to destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy works by interfering with the cancer cell's ability to grow. It is one of the three main methods utilized to treat cancer.” With cancer being a potentially fatal disease it is important to diagnose it as soon as possible. the oncologist have to study the chemicals used so that they can determine what chemicals will treat the cancer or disease the best and what chemicals can be mixed together without any major side effects. The drugs can be divided into groups based on how they work, their chemical structure, and their relationship to other drugs.

This drug works by damaging the DNA in cancer cells and stopping them from multiplying. It binds together the strands of DNA so that cells can’t grow and divide (Cancer Research UK, 2015).

It has broad variety of anti-tumor activity and forms the backbone of combination chemotherapy regimes presently

Imatinib is a Abl/c-kit/PDGFR inhibitor. Abl is a proto-oncogene related with chronic myelogenous leukemia. c-kit is a protein on the surface of various types of cells. PDGFR is a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family.

The Onyx-015 is an oncolytic adenovirus that is similar to the H101 virus. The Onyx-015 is also used to treat head and neck cancers along with chemotherapy. This virus has been created in the US but has yet to be regulated by the government. During the trial period of the virus, there were 22 patients admitted into the trial that had head and neck cancers. In order to be admitted into the trial there were some conditions that had to be met. These conditions consists of, the life expectancy of the patient had to be 3 months, over the age of 18 years and have a Karnofsky performance greater than 60% [11]. The Karnofsky performance is a scale that states the health of a patient. In this case a performance greater than 60% indicates that they are able to care for themselves or may require occasional assistance [12]. Another important condition is that the tumor had to be in an area where there can be direct injections.

When cells in the body start dividing and regenerating uncontrollably, they lead to cancer – and this is true for all the cells in the body. If the cancer is not nipped in its bud early on, it can spread to other parts of the body. This presents the common question asked regards cancer; how can it be stopped early on? The same can be said for cancers that start from the bone marrow such as multiple myelomas.

The antitumor efficacy of crizotinib was dose dependent and demonstrated a strong correlation to inhibition of c-Met phosphorylation. Near-maximal inhibition of c-Met activity for the full dosing interval was necessary to maximize the efficacy of crizotinib [1].

The journal article describes the data that was collected by the recent test of the drug, Rociletinib. The drug is described as a new development that has potential for treating the advanced cancerous tumors. The specific tumors that were analyzed had already developed a resistance to the medicine. Its clinical trials were done on a sample size of 130 patients. The 57 patients of the study that received the drug showed positive results in their treatments of NSCLC.

It can be a way for doctors to perform the ensure more personalized medicine for each specific NSCLC patient. It is also shown how effective and the ways the crizotinib may be used in the future for other mutations such as ROS1. This is very important to non-scientists because it can be a breakthrough in medicine for personalized cancer treatment and diagnostics. We may soon be able to determine each cancer patients’ specific mutation and put them on the correct treatment instead of trial and error. It is also shown that crizotinib may be used in other types of cancers aside from NSCLC which will effect everyone since this is another drug on the market that can preserve

I can draw from these results that as the chemotherapeutic drug concentration is increased the cell viability decreases. In HEPG2 the viability at the control was 100% but when the drug was added at concentration of 40µm the cell viability decreased to 2.62%. From these examples we can deduce that the chemotherapeutic drug added is successful in its use and that it is targeting the cancerous cells. The drug damages the genes present inside the cell line

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the cell-surface receptor for extracellular protein ligands. EGFR family has four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/c-neu, Her 3 and Her 4. Mutations affecting EGFR expression or activity could lead to cancer.

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are an old immunological tool in the field of biotechnology, immunology, biochemistry and applied biology. The use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy is one of the most versatile, powerful and important strategies in the treatment of cancer. Over a past couple of years, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved more than a dozen mAb’s to treat certain cancers (Brain cancer, Breast cancer ,Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Colorectal cancer, Head and neck cancers, Hodgkin 's lymphoma, Lung cancer, Melanoma, Non-Hodgkin 's lymphoma,