A Research Report On Methyl Thiophanate

What has been brought to light in recent years is the effects of these chemicals on the body’s immune response. By introducing these toxic chemicals into the body, the potency of the immune system is compromised. More commonly than not, the body’s magnificent defense system will kick in and destroy foreign invaders but all it can take is an overwhelming amount of chemicals to slow or even shut down the body’s response systems. A large amount of these types of chemicals introduced into the body at one time would be considered acute toxicity and could even cause death. Additionally, a small amount of these poisonous substances brought into the body over a long period would be considered chronic toxicity and can have detrimental effects on the body’s natural response (Hoernschemeyer 55-57). This information is startling enough to want to make a change from conventionally grown food to pesticide-free organic

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

The LC50 of insecticides rotenone and pirimicarb were compared by testing blowfly, blowfly larva, woodlice and daphnia. Rotenone is a NADH dehydrogenase inhibitor causing death by oxidative stress however pirimicarb causes toxicity through acetylcholinesterase inhibition. It was found that rotenone had large toxic effects on daphnia, blowflies and woodlice but not maggots and pirimicarb had low toxic effects on all of the organisms tested. Due to the low percentage death caused by pirimicarb a LC50, however in rotenone a LC50 was performed for daphnia, woodlice and blowfly the LC50 for each organism was compared concluding

Also depicted in this paper is the type of cancers caused by each chemical and other related health problems associated with each chemical. Finally, the role of government agencies such as FDA, EPA and OSHA in preventing excessive amount or zero amounts of toxic chemicals from entering the environment will be discussed. The last paragraphs will enumerate the inferred conclusion from my research on Agent Orange, DDT and Benzene.

“The study proved that this type of pesticide is only transmitted through diet” (Parvin). Although this study focused on only one particular pesticide, many of the possible pesticides we ingest through non-organic foods are the result of farmers using these pesticides on their crops, which later are absorbed by the body, possibly causing damage through various bodily systems.

The purpose of this course is to provide the fundamental knowledge of the effects of environmental chemicals on living systems, and the toxic responses of the human and plant systems. Students will discuss risk, ethics, and social responsibility with regard to environmental toxicology.

To understand pesticides, we must look at the facts about them. According to the EPA, pesticides are chemicals specifically designed and sold to prevent, destroy, or repel pests from garden, greenhouses, fields, and orchards (Learn About Chemicals Around Your House). Charlotte Gerber’s article, How Do Pesticides Kill Bugs, explained that pesticides targets insects and kills them by attacking the nervous system and then when the muscles are over-stimulated, this will lead to paralysis and death. The effect of the organophosphates that cause that in pesticides was discovered in the 1930's during World War II. They were used in the creation of nerve gas, which was used in chemical warfare. When used in lethal dosages for humans, organophosphates cause extreme excitability, convulsions, paralysis and in most cases, death (Gerber). According to Effects of Pesticides on Human Health, The World Health Organization estimates that there are 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning each year and up to 220,000 deaths, primarily in developing countries (Lah and Glibert 2011). Children, and any other young and developing organisms, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of pesticides. Even very low levels of exposure during development may have adverse health effects. Exposure can even lead to neurological health effects such as memory loss, loss of

Conduct studies on food, air, water and soil to determine how they are altered when coming into contact with medicines, garden chemicals and industrial chemicals

A 20-year old male presented to the hospital with: nausea; diarrhoea and fever. Upon examination he had abdominal pain and a tender liver. The patient admitted to eating wild mushrooms, of which he had collected himself, the afternoon before attending the hospital. Laboratory analysis at the time of admission revealed elevated serum ALT (665 U/L) and AST (880 U/L), increased total bilirubin (4.9mg/dL) and an increased prothrombin time (3.11 seconds). Laboratory tests were repeated six hours later and all levels, except AST, were elevated even further; with ALT and bilirubin doubling in concentration and the prothrombin time also doubling. Albumin concentration was also tested and presented normal at both times. The patient was administered a haemodialysis with N-acetylcysteine.

The general condition utilized for ascertaining the estimation of inward breath introduction to concoction pesticides is:

According to Hodgson and Dearborn, they pointed out that though human evidence of an association between mycotoxins and human health is anecdotal and based on case reports and series, the standards generally regarded as evidence in environmental medicine are met, including controlled studies in animals, the development of animal models with diseases that parallel the human experience, and studies of the mycotoxins at subcellular levels (Hodgson and Dear born, 2002 and references therein). There is a need for physical examinations and diagnostic as environmental-related. For example, S. chartarum produces tricothecene mycotoxins that produce a deadly cytotoxic syndrome by shutting down protein synthesis when concentrated. They are unique among biological toxins relative to chemical toxins. Trichothecene mycotoxins associated with poorly ventilated buildings and contaminated buildings by ELISA assays. However, pulmonary hemorrhagic and hemosiderosis occurred in a hospital nursery and investigator concluded it was due to heavy mold growth in the building. Several years later, investigator retracted and reviewed of this case because of quality of evidence insufficient to conclude an association. A growing body of evidence supports that S. charatrum may be the cause of epidemic and isolated case of pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in infant lungs

Biogenic amines formation in food is objectionable due to their ability to have a direct or indirect effect on the human vascular and nervous systems. Toxicological effects such as hypertension, headache, diarrhea, rash and localized inflammation may be developed due to biogenic amines and when ingested in extreme amounts, cardiac palpitation, intracerebral haemorrhage and even death in very severe cases (Rawles et al., 1996). Biogenic amines are considered precursors of carcinogenic amines such as N-nitrasosamines, and they also used as indicators of food decomposition (Mietz and Karmas, 1978). Histamine represents the major and the main cause of scombroid (histamine) poisoning, and the other biogenic amine such as tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine, acts as potentiates of histamine toxicity (Taylor, 1988; AlBulushi et al., 2009; Joshi and Bhoir, 2011).

Mechanism of action of organophosphorus compounds used in pesticides and nerve agents is the same however, the compounds in pesticides are developed to be more specific on insects than warm-blooded organisms, such compound are thio forms of OP , while nerve agents contain oxo form of Op. In addition OP, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors used in insecticides degrades and hydrolysis rapidly once comes in contact to sunlight, air and soil. However, in case of prolong and or repeated exposure to the Ops insecticides can be very toxic and may cause the same result as acute exposure.

Rotenone is the most intoxicating member of the rotenoid family and is typically found in tropical plants. It is both an herbicide and insecticide having a half-life of 3-5 days depending on light conditions and degrade quickly in soil and water (Hisata 2002). The toxicity of rotenone comes from its high lipophilia and it can easily cross the blood brain barrier. It is mainly used in rats since, so far, the studies attempting to lesion in mice or monkeys have not been successful (Ferrante et al. 1997; Thiffault et al. 2000). Recently, some studies have tested the toxicity of rotenone when administrated intragastric (Pan-Montojo et al. 2010) or directly in the brain (Alam et al. 2004).

Mushrooms are the food bodies of evolved fungi. When a person is intoxicated by the intake of harmful mushrooms, they can suffer from numerous impacts. This digestion of toxic mushrooms is referred as the mushroom poisoning. These toxin mushrooms possess similar looks as those of other edible mushrooms. Therefore, they are confused with the usual mushrooms. Mushrooms are widely grown in many parts of this world; however, among the thousands of mushroom species, only a hundred can cause harmful impacts on human health. Moreover, about twenty species can cause severe impacts on human life.