A Research Report On The Wisconsin Fast Plant Essay

C-Fern plants are a strain of Ceratopteris richardii and have a rapid reproductive cycle, making them perfect subjects in lab to be tested and observed on population genetics. Population genetics is the study of genetic variation and allelic frequencies on a specific group over an amount of time. It is a great way to predict future genetic information on more than just the C-Ferns. In this experiment, two different generations for gametophytes and sporophytes of C-Ferns were observed and counted for the amount of wild type and polka dot mutant individuals within a sample and a population. The overall results demonstrated a 1:1 ratio of mutant to wild type in the F1 gametophyte generation for both the sample and population, which was expected. The F1 sporophyte generation demonstrated a 1:1 ratio of mutant to wild type in the sample and a 2:1 ratio of mutant to wild type in the population. A 3:1 ratio of mutant to wild type was expected in the sporophytes. It was concluded that the polka dot mutant is recessive in sporophytes and demonstrates random fertilization in the diploid stage, but not in gametophytes. This process of population genetics in C-Ferns can be extremely beneficial in other organisms, such as humans. Population genetics could be a tool in medicine in determining human

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers food assistance programs that help provide food for low to no income families. It is their goal to increase food security and reduce hunger by increasing access to food, a healthful diet, and nutrition education for low-income Americans (Caswell, 2013, para. 1). Some of the current nutrition assistance programs include “the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)”(Caswell, 2013, para. 1). SNAP will be the primary nutrition assistance program of the paper at hand. No matter how morally good it is to try to help reduce hunger and increase food security within the United States, there are still many questions regarding issues with SNAP. This paper will be discussing why there is such a strong support for the program, how it helps the United States as a whole, problems with the program, and why some people are against SNAP.

There were two types of plants used. Both were of the same species, Brassica rapa but two of the plants contained rosette shaped complexes that were deficient in producing gibberellic acid compared to the wild-type plants. Therefore, they grew smaller and shorter as a phenotype. The Brassicaceae family includes cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, and many others. (

1. UGC estimated that it would need C$150 million to carry out its strategic plans over the coming two years. Will its internal resources provide reliable funding for this program? How much external funding might it need? The company needs to spend C$150 million, which covers the installation of high-throughput elevators (7 or 8 more at $9 million each) and the upgrades of 15 elevators at $3 million each. The rest of the money is needed for the funding of the expansion of Crop Protection Services and Livestock services division.

Another piece of evidence that proves my claim is a fast plant experiment we did. We did three different pedigrees (the generations of an organism) for this experiment. First we did a pedigree with all non-purple stem fast plants. Then we did a second pedigree with only purple stem fast plants. Then our third

Receiving the Klemmer & Associates Mustard Seed Scholarship will equip me to use the skills I have learned over the last twenty years to use i a very impactful and powerful way.

The “Brassica rapa” is a fast plant known as the field mustard. This plant is well known for its rapid growing rate, which makes it an easy breeding cycle and easy to pollinate. In giving so this makes “Brassica rapa” a great participant for testing Gregor Mendel’s theories of inheritance. The “Brassica rapa” acts like a test subject in testing cross-pollination giving the understanding to the dominant allele of colored stems. There are different colors that are visible on the stem that are above the soil; the colors vary from green to purple. P1 seed was ordered, germinated and cross-pollinated until germination of the next off spring of plants were also done. It was

As the population of the young United States increased more and more people hungry mouths were asking for food. Farmers had to keep up with new technology but there were also many setbacks in government policy and economic conditions. In the period of 1865-1900, there were many ways in which technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed early American agriculture.

Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant

Other forms of the genotype, (ygr/ YGR) and (YGR/YGR) will result in green leaves. A third gene in Brassica rapa is the rosette mutant, homozygous recessive. The genotype needed for the short, rosette plant form is (ros/ros). The other two genotypes (ros/ROS) and wild type (ROS/ROS) will result in the normal form of the plant. The phenotypes and genotypes are related in that the phenotypes provide a visible indication of the genotype. This is true in an individual with a homozygous recessive gene. However, in the case of dominant genes, since only one copy is needed for the phenotype to be present, then the second copy is not indicated. The second copy can be identified process where two individuals (P1 and P2) with the same dominant phenotype, called the parental generation, are bred. This produces an F1 or first generation of offspring. The F1 generation can also be bred and produce an F2 generation. Each individual in the F1 and F2 generations receives one copy from each parent of the 3-letter genotype code, called an allele.

Imagine that you are crossing two plants that are heterozygous for flower color and seed shape. The dominant and recessive alleles for these traits are:

Gathering Data on the Different Traits of the Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum), Organizing the Dominant/Recessive Phenotypes of 60 F2 Offspring and Determining Whether the Null Hypothesis is Rejected or Accepted Using the Chi-Square Test.

1. In gorgonzolas, there are three recessive traits that affect the organism’s appeal: shrunken fruit, foul-smelling flowers, and short height. A heterozygote was crossed with a homozygote, yielding the following offspring:

Grain amaranths (Amaranthus spp.) consist three cultivated species namely, A. caudatus L., A. cruentus L., and A. hypochondriacus L. In ancient times, grain amaranths were basic and staple crops in the Americas, where these originated before the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors (Sauer 1950). From the archaeological records, the history of their cultivation has been considered to be about 6,000 years (Sauer 1969). Thus, it is expected that these three grain species had accumulated genetic variation in their population throughout this long period. To evaluate genetic variation is important for genetic improvement of the crop. Local and exotic germplasm can be used as a source of genetic variation. At the same time, a large scale of analysis

contributed to global agricultural productivity during the last century (Khush 2001; Duvick 2005). This approach known as ideotype breeding involves the creation of a model plant with characteristics that facilitate efficient photosynthesis, growth, and yield (grain and biomass)(Donald 1968; Hammer et al. 2009). In cereals, ideotypes include erect leaves, compact stalks, large inflorescence (ear, panicle or head), compact or loose inflorescence, and reduced height. Ideotype breeding also contributed to increased yield potential in maize, rice, and wheat during the green revolution (Khush 2001). Increased grain yield in U.S corn has been attributed to adaptation of maize hybrids to high planting densities through erect leaves (Duvick 2005;