A Research Study On Breast Cancer

Breast cancer constitutes the second most prevalent cancer most common among women of the world with an estimated 1.62 million reported cases in 2012 which constitutes 25% of all cancer cases and ranks fifth among mortality due to cancer (Ferlay et al., 2015). In the United States, according to American Cancer Society an

Breast cancer (BRCA) is associated with the highest mortality rate of any type of cancer besides that of the lung (American Cancer Society, 2013). BRCA occurs most commonly in women over the age of 40, with an estimated global incidence of 1.6 million cases in 2010. An estimated 39,000 women died from BRCA alone in 2013 (American Cancer Society, 2013). BRCA is responsible for the largest portion of spending on cancer-related care in the United States; an estimated $16.5 billion of cancer-related spending went towards BRCA in 2010 (Mariotto, Robin Yabroff, Shao, Feuer, & Brown, 2011). Although the prevalence, mortality, and costs associated with BRCA are quite high, recent advances in screening and treatment have increased long term

One out of eight women around the world develops the most common disease called Breast Cancer. In the United States, about 200,000 women suffer from this disease and it causes more than 40,000 death each year. Breast cancer is a cancer cell (malignant tumor) that forms in the breast. The cancerous cells grow in the breast and then invade the healthy cells and the surrounding tissues of the breast and it can also spread into other parts of the body. Breast cancer is more common in women but men can also get it too. One of the reasons that males are less likely to develop breast cancer because males have less estrogen and progesterone hormones which is a higher risk of breast cancer cell to grow. There are many risks factors that can cause

Article I chose for week four assignment, is from The Journal of Public Health," Benign breast disease and subsequent beast cancer".

Unfortunately, as most of us know cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in our society. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States, next to lung cancer and also the most common cancer diagnosed in women. Over one million people are diagnosed with cancer every year in the U.S. alone. As many people are aware of today, due to uncontrolled growth of cells within in the body, cancer is developed through this. During class Dr. Weilert asked us whether we knew anyone that had cancer, suffered with some form of cancer or are now in remission. I was shocked to see that about 80% of the class did know someone. Since there has been an ongoing investigation and ongoing research for the cure of cancer, it is now known that there are over one hundred different types of cancer. In this paper I will discuss; the natural history, pathophysiology, the signs & symptoms, the diagnoses and finally share some statistics surrounding breast cancer within the United States.

Lydia is a 45-year-old Caucasian premenopausal female who is visiting her PCP for her annual physical examination. Part of her physical examination includes a 'ladies exam' including PAP smear and breast examination. On breast exam you note a small, painless lump in the right upper outer quadrant. There is no nipple discharge but dimpling was noted around the area of the lump when sitting upright. Lydia does practice breast self examination but not regularly. She has never had a mammogram. She is used to having lumps in her breast that seem to come and go with her menses and was told, in the past, she has fibrocystic breast disease. This particular lump did not resolve after her period, but she did not think anything of it since it was not painful.

Results from Molinspiration: With the help of ‘Canonical SMILES’ of phytochemicals taken from PubChem, virtual screening was performed. All the phytochemicals which followed the Lipinski’s rule of five were shortlisted, as shown in Table.9

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the UK, accounting for 15% of all diagnosed cancers, affecting around 50,000 women and 350 men, leading to just under 12,000 deaths in 11/12.1,2 The risk of getting breast cancer is linked to increased age, gender & genetics (BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 gene mutations). Lifestyle factors that also increase the incidence of breast cancer (around 27% each year) are; Oestrogen exposure, being overweight/obese, high alcohol intake, tobacco smoke, oral contraceptives and certain hormonal replacement therapies.2,3,4

Chemical induction of Breast tumors is done by injecting 20 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) mixed with 0.5ml sunflower oil and 0.5ml saline to induce breast cancer in each rat. A single dose injection of DMBA to be given subcutaneously into the right side of breast in all test group except control.The dose of DMBA is repeated once a week untiltumors were induced. (Anbuselvam C., VijayavelK.,2007)The tumors were induced after a lag time of 45 Days.

When Allison Ardolino Dinkelacker was 30 weeks pregnant with her first child in 2009, she found out that she had stage 3 breast cancer. Her son, Dylan, was born via an emergency c-section shortly thereafter so that she could begin treatment.

Breast cancer has definitely become a serious worldwide health challenge. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), public health data points shows that the global burden of breast cancer in women, measured by the number of times something happens, death, and financial based costs, is large and on the rise. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year, and more than 410,000 will die from the disease (GIVE SOURCE). In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the setup and funds for common examination of medical breast examinations (such as mammography) are often not available. In these settings, breast cancer is therefore diagnosed at late stages and women may receive poor

When people hear breast cancer, they usually think of women first. Unfortunately, breast cancer can affect men as well, although at a slight lower rate. However, it is the most common type of cancer among women. For women, the breast becomes an important organ during childbirth, primarily for breast-feeding. Of course, every organ is important as they play their own vital roles; however, the breast takes on a number of significant roles to keep the body properly functioning. Unfortunately, as with most parts of the body, the breast is susceptible to disease, the most important and deadly of which is cancer. Learning about breast cancer is incredibly important because plenty of men and women may not have knowledge about the symptoms, and as the war on cancer wages on, we are losing more and more victims. Breast cancer cannot only affect you, but your friends, family, and loved ones as well. Hopefully, talking about the anatomy and functions of the breast, the problems and symptoms of breast cancer, and how to prevent it will help expand awareness of breast cancer and learn exactly what it does to the human body.

In September of 2011, Tami Cox Billings was diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer. She had a tumor that was larger than her heart. She went under intense chemotherapy. In April of 2012, she got a bilateral mastectomy with lymph nodes removed. She was still undergoing chemo and radiation for an additional 4-5 months. When she went to the doctor in October of 2013, for a checkup, the cancer was gone! Although Tami and her husband Kim’s euphoria was soon diminished. On Christmas Eve, Tami was getting ready for a shower, and found a new lump. A biopsy of the area was taken and the results were, metastatic breast cancer. Cancer was found in the central lymph nodes on her chest, in her right lung middle lobe, and along the right side of her

In this case study we have Sarah a forty-two-year-old woman who has breast cancer which has metastasized to her lungs. Despite having had multiple tumors removed the cancer has returned. Sarah’s oncologist, Greg, recommends that she take part in a double blind experimental drug trial in an effort to slow the occurrence of more tumors. Greg explains that the risks of the drug are not entirely known; the drug won’t cure her cancer but may slow its progression, it may leave her extremely fatigued and susceptible to infection and/or illness and to save himself from liability, he briefly states that there is a slight risk for disorientation. What Greg withholds is that fact that the medication has a 20% chance of affecting Sarah’s cognitive abilities, which she relies on as a writer. Greg is afraid that if Sarah knew this she would refuse to participate in the clinical trial, which may be her last hope. Jennifer, one of Sarah’s nurses, has seen the cognitive decline from these experimental medications herself in other patients, but ultimately decides it is up to Sarah alone to decide what is right for herself and she doesn’t tell Sarah of the disorientation.

Choosing to eat the right plant-based diet offers a "nutritional option" for defeating cancer among those who do not wish to go the conventional medical route. When individuals choose to use diet as a tool for defeating cancer they discover that a cancer fighting diet is as much about avoiding toxic food as it is about ingesting the right food.