A Research Study On Prostate Cancer

Page Description: Prostate cancer can be metastatic if early treatment is not performed. Effective treatment methods like radiation therapy can be helpful in treating the associated symptoms.

PSA is a biomarker that is regularly used clinically for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. It was discovered in 1972 while trying to find a substance in seminal fluid that would aid in the research of medical cases. Papsidero and associates measured PSA quantitatively in the blood in 1980, which was stated to be a clinical use as a marker for prostate cancer. PSA exists in small quantities in the serum of normal men, and it is raised higher in the presence of prostate cancer and other prostate ailments [8]. Prostate cancer can also be present in the whole absence of a raised PSA level. PSA expresses androgen dependent and so it is less sensitive in older population. The limitations of PSA as biomarker

Natural products have been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years. Impressive number of modern drugs derived from natural products. Today, natural products are one of the main interests for research directed towards drug design and discovery. It also has provided considerable value to the pharmaceutical industry over the past half century. In particular, the therapeutic areas of infectious diseases and oncology have benefited much from numerous drug classes derived from natural form and it is used as template for synthetic modification.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and it is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men according to the American Cancer Society(ACS) ( 2016). Older age is the strongest risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. Approximately 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime (ACS, 2016). There are more than 2.9 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States (ACS, 2016). The risk of dying from prostate cancer is 2.9 percent, with seventy percent of deaths occurring after age 75(ACS, 2016; Howlader, Krapcho, Neyman,Aminou et al, 2011). The use of the prostate-specific antigen testing transformed prostate cancer screening in the 1990’s (Up to date) . PSA screening for prostate

If the cancer recurs locally, and it can be operated on, surgery will be used to remove the cancer. Surgery performed on recurrent cancers may be more involved than the surgery used to remove the original cancer. Radiation therapy may be performed during surgery (called intraoperative radiotherapy) or after it. The patient may also receive chemotherapy.

Cancer. One word, a million different emotions. Cancer is a term used to describe a group of diseases in which abnormal cells divide and invade other tissues at an uncontrollable rate. Cancer cells rapidly travel through blood and lymph systems to other parts of the body. With over 100 different types of cancers this year alone over 500,000 Americans are expected to die from cancer, making it the second leading cause of death in the US. (TLCF,2014- Thomas Latimer Cancer Foundation) Among the vast forms of cancer, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American men after skin cancer. Prostate cancer affects males as it is found in the prostate gland an organ found in the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer has many faucets

The finding led to the belief that the solution lied in the saturation, where the maximal growth of the prostate cancer was achieved at a low level of testosterone. This model was produced by Fowler and Whitmore, who concluded “normal endogenous testosterone levels may be sufficient to cause near maximal stimulation of prostatic tumors.” There final conclusion was that “there is not today—nor has there ever been—a scientific basis for the contention that a higher T concentration causes pCA growth, acutely or long-term.” This was a pivotal discovery because many other research labs began to do work on this same theory. Even though the other labs were doing the same research, they all came to similar results to of Huggins and Hodges, and

It might damage the surrounding tissues depending on the proximity of the tissue to the tumor.

Unlike many other cancers and serious health problems, prostate cancer does not usually show its symptoms during the earlier stages of its development. This can make it a lot more dangerous than many other cancers and in the US; it ranks amongst the top four most commonly diagnosed cancers (alongside breast, colorectal and lung).

There are men who can be in a percentile of having prostate cancer and unaware of what is going on with their body do to the lack of knowledge about prostate cancer. One main reason most men are unaware of the dangers of this illness is because it is not talked about enough amongst their peers. The advertisement is very veg to whom prostate cancer effects and may not be advertised enough. According to cancer.org there are about one in every seven men that will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the ages of 65 and older, and it is rare before age 40. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, behind only lung cancer. About one in every 36 men diagnosed will die of prostate cancer. Just as all men have a prostate all men should be aware of what the terms and symptoms of prostate cancer are and what can be done to help slow this growing illness.

The risk of prostate cancer is the greatest for American males. The symptoms of prostate cancer are; frequent urination especially at night, difficulty starting urination or holding back urine, weak or interrupted flow of urine, painful or burning urination, difficulty having an erection, painful ejaculation, blood in urine or semen, and frequent pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs. Prostate cancer is diagnosed by digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen blood test, and transrectal ultrasound. Also, tissue biopsy, microscopic examination, lymphography, bone scans, MRI and CT scans are used to confirm a diagnosis. Prostate cancer is treated is based upon the stage of the disease. Some of the various treatments

When we have diseases or don’t feel well, we tend to seek treatments and try to cure it as soon as possible. However, what if there is no reliable treatment or nearly no treatment available? Then, the only option is to do research. Life can be really difficult and no one wants any sickness or diagnosed with such a hard-to-cure disease like cancer. Prostate Cancer is a known cancer that happens to men only and a lot of men in the U.S are diagnosed with it, and happens to male’s reproductive system. Specifically speaking, it is a gland found in the most private area of a man. In the following paragraphs, I will be explaining why we need to find a way to combat prostate cancer, how to detect this cancer at early stages, and the risks associated with prostate cancer.

Milo works in a bioengineering firm that develops new medical devices that diagnose for prostate cancer. He is tasked with performing numerous tests to verify the accurateness of the medical devices detecting prostate cancer since some medical devices are prone to have questionable results. During his research, he notices an alarming change in a specific patient results and is unsure of how to interpret the results. His uncertainty is due to the patients’ results changing from being consistently negative to being consistently positive for early stage prostate cancer. Milo monitors the results and believes that either the medical devices have a technical issue or the patient has developed prostate cancer. He talks to his boss about the issue

The history of prostate cancer is basically a progression of disease from an asymptomatic to symptomatic for patients who have biochemical failure non metastatic disease to metastatic disease and castration sensitive to resist. Over the year, rapid development of number of new drugs that are now FDA approved.

The goal of radiation therapy is to send high doses of concentrated radiation to cancerous cells that are dividing abnormally fast. The radiation is meant to disrupt the DNA within the cancerous cells, this makes it difficult for the affected cells to grow and divide and they usually die as a result. Since radiation therapy is a very localized cancer treatment, the number of healthy cells that are affected is relatively low and most that are exposed to the radiation return to normal functionality after a brief time. Although commonalities are shared, there are different types of radiation therapy.