Literature Review Patients at early stages of cancer, pre metastasis, can often be cured by surgically removing the tumor. On the other hand, Patients with progressed cancer, which has metastasized, must be treated with systemic therapies. Common therapies used today are radiation and chemotherapy. Although in some cases these treatments are effective in removing tumors, they are not entirely selective towards cells within the tumor and are toxic to the patient. A relatively new approach towards
major cause of mortality in the hospital, intensive care unit and healthcare system. For years the Carbapenems have been a major last line player in eliminating infections. Carbapenem resistance is now increasing. Two drugs Avycaz and Zerbaxa are available to fight against those microbes with Carbapenem resistance. The newly approved combination drug Avycaz is composed of Ceftazidime and Avibactam. Ceftazidime is a 3rd generation cephalosporin. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by
This research will investigate whether antibiotics, as an effective treatment for bacterial diseases, have become inadequate and ineffectual and, if so, conclude whether the world may be on the precipice of a post-antibiotic era by determining if antibiotic resistance is on the rise in the 21st century. 2. Literature Review 2.1 An obituary- On the Death of antibiotics! - Abdul Ghafur (2010) This editorial, written by a Physician in India is concerned with the rise in antibiotic resistance, especially
historical control group with MALDI-TOF MS coupled with antimicrobial stewardship and showed mortality benefits (21% vs 8.9%; p = 0.01)19. The later study overcame some of the limitations of the previous study and included only patients with antibiotic-resistance gram negative bacteremia with sufficient sample size. Selecting the most appropriate and cost effective rapid diagnostic testing is somehow challenging given the wide range of commercially available diagnostic tools. Some of these tools require
Luz Trigueros Microbiology 12 Research paper A clinical situation was presented to the Microbiology class at city college of San Francisco to be ran along the medical team at Zuckerberg San Francisco general hospital. There are approximately 40 patients that are presenting with a visible skin infection, and all have similar (If not exact) manifestations of symptoms. The patients do not seem to be responding to the current antimicrobial therapy that has been prescribed by the doctors. The team is
provided information on the over-prescription of antibiotics in LTCF and the possible changes in practice that could be done to decrease antibiotic resistance. Most of these selected studies focused on providing providers and nurses with education to reinforce the education of antibiotic use in patients that present with ASB to reduce antibiotic resistance. The Use of Antibiotics in UTIs Patients Part Three Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common diseases treated every day by healthcare
Primitive earth’s atmosphere was filled with molecular oxygen (O2) by the invasion of cyanobacteria (Schopf, 1993). Atmospheric oxygen has played a major role in the evolution and is responsible for catabolic activities of living organisms. On one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as we know it can prove lethal to the living organisms. But on the other hand, ROS can also play a major role as a second messenger in the cell and control many essential processes from cell death, cell differentiation
Nanotechnology is an expanding research field that involves the engineering of functional systems at the molecular level and is capable of transforming the view of some pharmaceutical companies in the foreseeable future. This review article discusses the current treatment techniques on nanoparticles as carrier systems for the delivery of anticancer drug molecules. A plethora of nanoparticle drug delivery formulations have been tested for their target specificity. The drug delivery system of nanoparticles
Cancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. According to the last World Health Organization report, It reveals that it is expected that the global burden of cancer will rise from an estimated 14 million new cases per year in 2012 to 22 within the next two decades because of the aging and growth of the world population and an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors. Lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and breast cancers
LITERATURE REVIEW β lactam antibiotics have continued to be the most popular drug for treating bacterial infections since its discovery in 1928 by Fleming and its introduction as an antibacterial agent in the early 1950.1 Most commonly used β lactam drugs today stems from the original discovery and development of natural products from microorganisms like penicillin, cephalosporin and other β lactam based antibiotics (Figure 1). 1,2 However, soon after its commercialization and widespread usage, β