Priyanca Vaishnav, Satish Poduval, Media and the Public Domain 13th February 2007 Report: Rethinking The Public Sphere by Nancy Fraser Rethinking The Public Sphere is a response to Habermas' 1973 essay, later published in English as The Public Sphere in 1989. Habermas states his concept of the public sphere as both historical, and normative. It is historical both in the sense of era and region- 20th century Western Europe. He dismantles the distinctions between the public and private domain. According to Habermas, man should be autonomous from the state and the civil society, but he feels that public-ness is degenerating due to the advent of the mass media. Mass media gives higher priority to …show more content…
Fraser criticizes this hierarchical, masculinist point of view, by stating that in a granular society, the subordinates are further marginalized and the stakes of the dominant groups of decision-making increase. A society with unequal power will cultivate unequal cultures, values, and lifestyles. So social inequalities must be minimalized instead of being ignored. She speaks of "rough equalities" that render more useful than equality in absolute terms. Her next attack is against Habermas' assumption that instead of having several publics, only one discursive public should exist. To her such a singularity means to snatch the prerogative of an individual's opinion of him. According to Freud's definition of defense mechanism, most of us like to associate with the more powerful or dominant identity, as to hide our own lack of influence. Citizens in such an arena would be forced against voicing their opinions or suggestions. She encourages segregated groups from the point of view of subaltern counter-publics as well, stating examples of women's revolutions. She points out, that multiplicity will widen the horizons as well as the audience for a variety in discourse, which, she points out, is the primary purpose of discourse. An objective, neutral culture cannot exist. It would demand a uniform approach and dictate norms for
Whether discussed in Anthem or found in reality today, the idea of what is right in different societies can be found as completely different when briefly analyzed. While examining Anthem in a simplistic way, one can find the contrast between Equality’s hopes for the future and the society of Equality’s past at the end of the novel, as a contradiction that has no medial perspective. In the excerpt, “Galt’s Speech” from For the New Intellectual, Rand illustrates a view similar to Equality’s thoughts near the
She described instances of inequality when it came to gender, race, and class by explaining if it would be fair to have racism in the courts, if it would be fair to treat someone differently because they are poor, and if it would be fair for a woman not to be allowed to sit on the jury?
Fair does not always mean equal. Fair and equal are not the same this can be illustrated in the similarities and differences between Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut and Martin Luther King Jr's “I Have a Dream speech.”
Just like the author, until we see the world, our experiences will be the only thing we use to judge the world off of. Some have firsthand experiences of inequality and some do not. Some are exposed to it early in life and some still live in oblivion. While the author was growing, men and women played different roles. The men he knew worked
Often throughout the book she mentions that it is said that "you're paid what you're worth", saying that little pay results in you not being to good of a person. With that label they were looked down on and viewed kind of as untouchables. They had low pay, long hours, no overtime pay, and no benefits which leads to low socio-economic-status a job that no one wants to pursue. She stressed that poverty wasn’t a sustainable condition, it's a state of emergency. Citizens in the lower classes are left to fend for themselves and the ten, eight, or six dollar jobs are all that's there for them. What she would encourage them to do is to demand to be paid what they're worth because in the end they will be better off.
Inequality is a theme that runs throughout all of history. Harper Lee uses the theme of inequality in her book, To Kill a Mockingbird. Tom Robinson must deal with inequality when he is accused of a crime he didn’t commit because no one will trust a black man over a white man. The Cunningham family must face discrimination because of their lack of money. Scout even faces inequality when she tries to play with Jem and Dill. The theme of inequality is a strong one in Lee’s book, and her use of inequality doesn’t only define racism, but also discrimination based on wealth and gender.
Equality is pushed upon each citizen. But with this equality, comes aforementioned characteristics: submission, hopelessness, detachedness, conformity, and isolation. Superiority is punished. As written in chapter I, "It is not good to be different from our brothers, but it is evil to be superior to them" (21). In this way, uniqueness is repressed when it should be
Equality is the key to a successful and enjoyable life. If you treat everyone as equals, without prejudice, and you’re not racist, you will like yourself better as a person, and people will respect you. In “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks”, Henrietta’s whole family was treated unfairly because the cells were taken without permission. Her family felt discriminated against, and they disliked the science community as a whole. Then Rebecca came and treated them equally and with respect, and they respected her very much. This shows that even though someone feels negative against a person or a part of society because something has happened to them, if they see that some people treat them equally and respect them, they won’t always feel like that. Another example of equality would be in the book “The Fault in Our Stars”. Hazel has cancer, and she gets so many more things than a normal person would get. This is a different kind of example
As Berne inclined in his quote, the minute (for context I mean small) differences in people are pointless, and in the end, result in nothing gained if you judge one for it. The African American population was enslaved for hundreds of years in America, only because of the difference in skin tone and where their ancestors came from. Mark Twain satirizes that same time period, and with positive developments as a result of wrong traditions of slaveholding, society still finds itself with similar prejudices, as Wolf presented in his article. However, the lack of equality doesn’t stop there, with admittedly clear efforts to put an end to it. sexism is still an ever growing problem. Women were once housewives, and with Women’s Suffrage, they received their God-given rights, yet they still are denied the same opportunities their male counterparts are afforded. Afterall, through these sources, it is evident that society today still holds values that have not only been deemed incorrect but also are outdated and are without any clear justification for them. The horrible realization to make is that racism and sexism still exist in society, the same society, however, wishes to cast aside such prejudice but also is also the one that secretly still holds onto them.With this in mind, as well as the knowledge that progress for equality comes with every minute, hopefully,
That both genders have common ground as people. She goes on to describe how society is becoming more progressive, that whether or not people want to admit it, changes are coming and as time goes on women will be granted more equality. This change was already being seen but just needed further progression.
This passage reflects Chapter 2 reviewing the Theories of Aging. One particular theory that I found interesting was the Theories of Power and Inequality. These are theories about aging that understand inequality. The Theories of Power and Inequality suggests that race, class, and gender is important because it is the bases of society. In other words, these theories believe that people are viewed/treated according to their worth.
In her essay, Wollstonecraft sets off to explain the source of gender inequality and the modes of attaining gender equality in society. I would argue that Mary Wollstonecraft’s accounts and diagnoses of gender inequality were strong, accurate, and complete while her remedies for them were shy of successful in that they were surface-level and/or incoherent. This will be made clear as her insightful diagnoses are discussed and analyzed followed by her multiple attempts to correct these issues.
2. "Equality" always involves "emulation" (rivalry, enmity) in ancient Athens. During that time you were allowed to go against someone who was higher or lower than you, you did not have to go against someone who was equal. To go against someone who was lower than you decreased your reputation and honour because it would be as if you were picking on someone. If you went against someone who was higher than you, and you won the lawsuit you would have more power. If you do not use your honour, you will lose it, and then you stand as nothing. Honour was very important, "honor is established through comparison with others it is a limited good and competition for it can take the form of a zero-sum game.(pg.63)" Athenians thought to themselves, "can
This quote means that when a leader tries to make everything fair for everyone, they find themselves trying to please everyone, and they listen to the public opinion of what they want, but eventually not everyone will be pleased. In the text, it says "Fair blends to a norm, and in doing so, it limits, inhibits, stifles, and restricts, all under the guise of balance and equality." This means that fairness restricts what you can do, and some people believe that balance and equality are the only thing that is important, but it really restricts your ability to do something because you think it is fair and want it to be fair. If you try to please everyone, you end up doing things for those people, and you don't do anything to help you in life, and
The main argument in this week's reading is that inequality is the base for the majority of social problems. Krogen and White (20) states, “social inequality…….”. The founders of sociology have a different perspective or point of focus on inequality ranging from race, economy, power, gender, and wage inequalities. An inequality presented in Living with roaches and mold in run-down apartments risks illness, injury by Barbara Anderson is the distribution of wage, but also racial inequality. Anderson proves her things by stating statistics including the one that addressed how a certain percent….. Tenants of the houses presented in the article are usually immigrants who do not have a high education, and… Due to inequality in various parts of an individual's life, he or she will have to live in an uninhabitable home and will not be able to make improvements due to living in poverty or low income. Krogen and White (20) explain how Jane Addams, a founder of sociology, focused on improving the lives of the poor for it will benefit everyone in society. The founders all… There was several solutions presented in the readings, because each founder had their own focal point which included them having their own solutions to their specific problems. The founders, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, George Herbert Mead, Jane Addams, and W.E.B. Du Bois of sociology used their knowledge on the different aspects of inequality to improve society. All successful and not so successful attempts