A Rough Approximation, The Client Has Average Intellectual Functioning

Unfortunately, if Dr. Leo Marvin could have been set up for failure as Bob’s previous therapist did not disclose the severity of Bob’s diagnosis and patterns of behavior.

Largely, the entire test proved thought provoking as this was a subjective test. Meaning everyone's values are not the same, everyone is not driven by the same motives. This could be problematic in obtaining valid results. It has given this writer cause to carefully examine assessments that are being administered clients. Reliability and validity have a great importance in how counselor should utilize assessments and can assist in finding appropriate instruments in order to be more effective with clients.

Counseling uses two types of assessment to get a better understanding of their clients which are testing and diagnosis. Clients have the privilege to understand the purpose of what an assessment process involves and counselors are responsible to maintain the security test that they use and the proper supervision for the test-taking process (Remley & Herlihy, 2014, p.289). Chapter 11 discusses the dynamics of using psychological tests when assisting to resolve clients’ problems.

The aforementioned client described problems with low self-esteem, feelings of constant failure whilst belittling the reported achievements in his life; and feeling the need to constantly better himself. When we tried to formulate the problem collaboratively, we were able to establish that his thoughts were: negative, discounting success, black and white and following rigid rules. He experienced feelings of low mood and exhaustion and noted that his behaviours involved constant checking, trying to multi task, being over thorough, making lists that were unrealistic to achieve and tendencies to avoid tasks and

The flaw of impulsivity is one that can hinder someone if they are unlucky enough to have this weakness. Whenever I make an impulsive decision, it almost always causes a new problem, or something negative happens. The flaw of impulsivity is generally not the kind of trait a person would want to have. (hook) Protagonists of the short stories “The Sniper”, “A Sound of Thunder”, and “Harrison Bergeron” all show share a form of weakness that affects the their decisions and the trajectory of their lives. (transition) The main characters from these three stories share the same weakness or flaw; their impulsivity. (thesis)

Dr. Marisa Silveri suggests that teens act impulsively “to gain new experiences that will ultimately lead to their independence”. The representation of youth being impulsive can be related to many different aspects of life. Portraying teens as impulsive may be correct but is also an unfair judgment considering they are being constantly exposed to varying models of life and are being pressured by the media, peers, social media, and

She is observed to be in this stage because she is resistant to change her behaviour. Additionally, she doesn’t have the insight to determine that “people are responsible for their own behaviour and how they react to other people’s behaviour in their environment” (C. Marino, personal communication, 2001). The client stated that she would be fine if her son “stopped causing her grief”. However, when queried about her reaction to the son’s behaviour and actions, she just simply stated that the son could rectify the situation if he “would cooperate with the London people.” The client was visibly upset during the interview and wringing her hands. When she would get to the most sensitive areas of her distress, she would make a joke and laugh at herself. However, the client stressed that she was not responsible for her distress, as it was her son’s responsibility that she was upset.

The client has had a strong support system in the past and is open to creating another one. This is strength because it demonstrates that the client is open reaching out to others in times of need and is a resiliency factor.

DBT utilizes a behavioral technique in which the client learns to tolerate painful emotions without enacting self-destructive behaviors known as:

Client appears to have displayed behavior consistent with Intermittent Explosive Disorder, with several incidents in the past consisting of fits of rage, aggressive behavior and physical altercations. Behaviors are often a result of ruminating on the moment when client found his wife and another man in the shower. Client experiences delusions and hallucinations such as hearing “My Cherie Amour” when it is not playing or thinking that his wife and other teachers at the high school are plotting against him. Additionally, client seems to be on automatic pilot and unable to control thoughts and impulses.

Though several personality disorders are highly complex and a challenge to treat, there are effective treatments available (“Treating Borderline” 1). The various treatments are broken down by method, the first of which being cognitive behavioral therapy, which attempts to alter the conscious thoughts and behavioral patterns of patients (Daniel); (“Treating Borderline” 2). Cognitive behavior therapy itself is broken down into two therapies, dialectical behavioral therapy and schema-focused therapy (“Treating Borderline” 2). Dialectical behavioral therapy, developed by Dr. Linehan, is centered on the basis that personality disorders are formed when hypersensitive patients are in situations which lack the emotional support they require, therefore leading to their “inability to regulate emotions” (“Treating Borderline” 2). Thus, the treatment serves to help the patient gain control over their emotion and behavior (“Treating Borderline” 2). The treatment itself consists of group and individual sessions and typically lasts approximately one year (“Treating Borderline” 2). During the group sessions, patients learn to become more aware of their behaviors and emotions through sessions pertaining to “problem solving, mindfulness meditation, and breath training“(“Treating Borderline” 2). In personal sessions, referred to as psychotherapy, the psychiatrist explains to the patient how the lessons from the group therapy sessions are applicable

3. Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F., & Kernberg, O. F. (1999). Psychotherapy of borderline personality. New York : Wiley.

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) treatment is a cognitive-behavioral approach that emphasizes the psychosocial aspects of treatment. The theory behind the approach is that some people are prone to react in a more intense and out-of-the-ordinary manner toward certain emotional situations, primarily those found in romantic, family and friend relationships. DBT theory suggests that some people’s arousal levels in such situations can increase far more quickly than the average person’s, attain a higher level of emotional stimulation, and take a significant amount of time to return to baseline arousal levels. (Staff, 2013) People who are sometimes diagnosed with borderline personality disorder experience extreme swings in their emotions, see the world in black-and-white shades, and seem to always be jumping from one crisis to another. Because few people understand such reactions — most of all their own family and a childhood that emphasized invalidation — they don’t have any methods for coping with these sudden, intense

There comes a time when we all come across a specific test such as school tests, driving test, or even as simple as food tasting test. However, there is a difference between regular tests and testing’s when referring to psychological testing. There are several different psychological tests that many psychiatrists, psychologists, and school counselors use to determine certain abilities, however each of the tests are used for a specific purpose. It is vital for the individuals to contain high knowledge of the tests before applying it to others.

When it comes to objective tests, it is implied that they are accurate, precise, and resistant to biased influences. Scoring errors are another potential concern. In reviewing the projective test, it is determined by Meyer and Kurtz (2006) that one‘s personality will not shine through with force and clarity regardless of the medium, the presence of the client’s responses confuses the efforts to interpret the test scores, and that is what the psychologists are most interested in interpreting (Meyer & Kurtz, 2006)