A Second Stream Of Management Research On Terrorism

Thank you for your response. Whenever a crisis hits an organization, not even the best business insurance can fully compensate for the loss. So after the horrific events of 911, human resource and risk management departments (Washington DC adjacent companies) acknowledged the need for continuity /disaster recovery plans. In many cases, insurance carriers required a written continuity /disaster recovery plan on file for continued coverage.

A huge wake up call for the whole world was the 9/11 attacks. So many people’s lives were changed or taken away when this disaster struck in the United States. Many people are scared for life because of what happened that day and it got them to thinking more seriously about how to prevent terrorism and how to treat terrorists or suspected terrorists.

The tragic events of September 11, 2011 have changed the way Americans lives their every day lives. Especially, with members of the law enforcement community. Guidelines have been implemented in order to better prepare law enforcement agencies in handling suspected terrorist and potential targets for attacks. Nationwide agencies have been created to better serve local law enforcement agencies investigate potential terroristic threats, and alleviate any unsolved questions of what is required to better protect the security of the U.S. Due to terrorist attacks that have occurred across the world and in the U.S., law enforcement agencies and citizens now have the proper resources to help prevent future terrorist attacks.

Incident management created for acts of terrorism among other things, to create management by integrating impersonal, procedures, and facilities in an organized structure (Superstar*pictures, 2010). The incident commander is responsible for running this. Communication is a key factor to be prepared and efficient for emergencies like a terrorist attack involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

Every day, the United States has to deal with many issues, issues of morality, issues of war, and, most prominently, issues of terrorism. In order to assist in the countering of terrorist action, the United States relies on a large number of people and programs, the largest contributor being the CIA, or Central Intelligence Agency of the United States. The CIA has an obligation to provide information regarding the issues of terrorism to the President of the United States, in addition to those who assist him in the making of decisions, both by aiding in the making of decisions for the Presidents and through providing sufficient information for decision makers to make rational, well-informed decisions. However, in doing this, the question of

Everybody knows that death is inevitable, however people do not consciously think about their own deaths in everyday life. Usually, the average person thinks about death when a tragedy strikes. After the attacks on the World Trade Buildings on September 11, 2011 Tom Pyszczynski, Sheldon Solomon, and Jeff Greenberg developed the Terror Management Theory (TMT) in 2003 to explain what happens when people are reminded of their deaths. This theory is still being investigated in current times and remains an important theory in a world full of crime and terror.

business continuity plans and disaster recovery plans. Select an organization that you are familiar with,

In order to properly prepare for a terrorist incident at the strategic or tactical level there must be a threat assessment taken for each of an organizations assets. This assessment will ask a few basic questions. What are the capabilities of the terrorist organizations? What type of terrorist attack is most likely to occur against this asset? What can be done to protect against this type of terrorist attack (GAO 2002, p.4)? In order to answer these questions an organization must have a thorough knowledge of the vulnerabilities of the different types of its assets which include fixed, mobile, and personnel. Once the vulnerabilities are determined, steps must be taken to secure the assets focusing on the most critical.

A continuity of operations and business resiliency plan is especially useful in times of uncertainty, as they provide a direction in complex environments. This part of the plan is designed to prepare businesses for dramatic and rapid changes caused by an terrorist attack. With assistance from emergency management planners, Metropolis’ businesses can assess current continuity plans and develop an economic resilience risk mitigation strategy as part of a broader regional continuity plan that includes actions to address business continuity challenges. Additionally, Metropolis can develop a strategy for expanded outreach and awareness for area businesses on regional resilience that covers issues of particular concern to businesses regarding terrorism.

Disasters have become an inevitable part of businesses and organizations as well. They not only have a major effect on business and organizational continuity; they also result to an overhaul in organizational operational mechanisms (Awasthy, 2009). It is for this reason that many organizations and business resort to preparing business continuity plans and disaster recovery plans that will facilitate better disaster management in future. Effective disaster recovery plans are important to every business and organization (Thejendra, 2008).

After the 9/11 attacks the word terrorism became etched in the worlds vocabulary. The word Terrorism immediately brings up images of bombings and hooded figures making demands on a home video. But when organizations tasked with defending against the treat of terrorism, begin to shape their operations, it also shape tire definition.

This article provided new insight and ideas regarding the importance of resilience within the workplace (Harrington, 2012). Harrington defined resilience as "an attitude that enables the individual to examine, enhance and utilise the strengths, characteristics and other resources available to him or her" (Harrington, 2012, p. 2). To me, this definition was powerful and is now posted by my computer at work for reflection during turbulent times. On my desk, I also listed five of the key elements that Professor Derek Mowbray identified as foundations for resilience. Those elements included emotional, spiritual, social, family, and physical influences. I acknowledge that I have much to learn about myself and leadership; however, I feel that articles

The objective of this study was to develop a strategic contingency planning model to be used to fully incorporate emergency management and business continuity into organization structures. (For the purpose of this study, Emergency Management and Business Continuity were collectively referred to as “contingency planning.”) Presently, contingency planning is mainly done on an operational or tactical level. Current thinking suggests that contingency planning should be an active part of organizations’ overall strategic planning processes as well. Organizations will ultimately be better prepared for future disasters and crises.

Terrorism is a multi-faceted construct that has evolved into a systematic weapon of violence. At the surface level, terrorism is still identified as an inculcated tool to propagate fear and violence. The risk factors associated with this context have increased exponentially as acts of terrorism have become more pervasive and extreme. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Risk Lexicon defines risk as, "potential for an adverse outcome assessed as a function of threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences associated with an incident, event, or occurrence" (Department, 63). Vulnerability analysis and problem-solving policing are two tactics that are used to decipher risk and develop methodologies to deter terrorist attacks. Emergency first-responders, formally referred as law enforcement, fire, and medical personnel, utilize these tactics accordingly to counter terrorist ploys and substantially diminish their secondary effects. Accordingly, planning is a crucial phase for first-responders to increase community awareness, improve local interoperability, institutionalize regimented training, fuse communication networks, and reinforce security tactics and procedures. Nonetheless, emergency first-responders are not only susceptible to direct terrorist threats but to the environmental scene hazards.

Sadly, terrorism permeates everyday society, and the intensifying impact of terrorism on international business is a global phenomenon with heightening implications for both theory and practice. This research paper is a novel exploratory study of how international businesses apply past terrorism exposure and experience from operating in risky locations to create organizational preparedness and performance resilience to endure future terrorist attacks. The unique firm level research provides a theoretical contribution by building upon n the literature calling from Vogus and Sutcliffe, (2007) for developing a theory of organizational resilience which would enhance understanding and insights into how resilient organizations rebound faster from disastrous disruptions than less pliable organizations (Vogus & Sutcliffe, 2007; Jain & Grosse, 2009). A significant academic contribution is addressing a specific research gap identified by leading scholars (Czinkota, Knight, Liesch, & Steen, 2010) in the international business literature concerning the organizational preparedness of firms to deal with terrorism. Furthermore, the paper identifies business continuity planning as practical fundamental solution to improve organizational preparedness to terrorism and enhance performance resilience.