A Short Note On Beta Thalassemia And Its Effects On African Descent

“Genes that affect skin pigmentation or blood proteins involve in malarial resistance, may not measure direct and unique ancestry, but reflect instead an evolutionary response to shared environmental exposures.”( http://harvardmagazine.com)`

According to the information of Nikoleta’s case, Cooley’s anemia has features that the beta proteins of hemoglobin do not function properly. This is caused my mutations in the beta chain of the hemoglobin molecule. The symptoms of Cooley’s anemia matches the symptoms of Nikoleta. The main reason why giving a high iron formula did the opposite is that the constant buildup of iron causes the symptoms to grow worse, and can even result in heart failure in the future. Cooley’s anemia decrease the red blood cell’s ability to deliver oxygen to certain tissues. The number of red blood cells are high, however, the number of hemoglobin is very

2. Which of the following terms refers to either a reduction in the quantity of hemoglobin or a reduction in the volume of red blood cells?

As a provider, one will care for many patients that have different types of anemia. Anemia is not so much as a disease as a symptom of an underlying issue. Although there can be particular signs and symptoms associated with anemia, the basis of a diagnosis is from laboratory data. For the purpose of this discussion, I will evaluate a case study and give a differential diagnosis. I will also assess how patient history, physical exam, and lab reports support my diagnosis. I will explain the pathophysiology of the type of anemia and give causes and treatment options available.

When Malaria is present and infects red blood cells, parasites can infect cells carrying defective hemoglobin which may result in death. Allele frequency changes over time depending on the pressures or circumstances facing a particular population. African populations are especially impacted by both malaria and sickle cell anemia. Depending on the impacted population, allele frequency often shifts and well suited organisms are likely to survive and allele frequencies can increase. When a population is effected by disease or other circumstances, allele frequency may decrease or change. HbA (normal hemoglobin) and HbS (defective hemoglobin) have varying frequencies and while the HbS gene is present in populations it is

For many years the targeting and murdering of people with Albinism has been occurring in sub-Saharan Africa for spiritual powers, good fortune, and monetary gain. As the world becomes more modern and civilized one would think that this would be coming to an end, instead it has increased over the years. Many solely blame witch doctors, however even with laws preventing this and witch doctors being arrested; the hunting of people with Albinism has spiked. This has led to the need for further research being done on not only witch doctors being the cause, but also more underlying causes that have not been thought about before. In finding these it will help to answer why the albino body part

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

They are classified according to different mutations in the hemoglobin genes. The four main types are: Hemoglobin SS (HbSS), Hemoglobin SC (HbSC), Hemoglobin SB+ thalassemia (HbSB+), and Hemoglobin Beta- Zero thalassemia (HbB0). The most severe of these is the Hemoglobin Beta Zero. Beta thalassemia is classified into two kinds depending on the harshness of their symptoms: thalassemia major (also known as Cooley's anemia) and thalassemia intermedia. Of the two types, thalassemia major is most severe. (Mohamed PhD & Boskey PhD, 2012)

Conferring to the case study 1 of Ms. A, who is suffering from iron deficiency anemia. “People who experience iron deficiency anemia lack adequate iron required to produce hemoglobin. Hemoglobin supports red blood cells in carrying oxygen all through the body” (Mayo Clinic, 2014). In this presentation, the writer will provide rationales where Ms. A is presenting signs and symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Our results demonstrate that there is a relation between iron therapy and HbA1C in patients with type 2 DM. Our results are in accordance with the findings of Brooks et al. and Davis et al.’s study [19, 20]. They revealed a relationship between iron deficiency anemia and HbA1C levels and attempted to ex¬plain the alteration in HbA1C levels in iron deficiency anemia on the basis of both modifications to the structure of hemoglobin and levels of HbA1C in old and new red blood cells.

In thalassaemia trait, the bone marrow aspirate shows moderate erythroid hyperplasia. Erythropoiesis is micronormoblastic and there is moderate dyserythropoiesis including nuclear lobulation and nuclei of irregular shape. In thalassaemia intermedia, erythroid hyperplasia and dyserythropoiesis are

Investigating haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood samples using the haemoglobincyanide method and in foetal haemoglobin samples

This paper is written about the disease Alpha Thalassemia and it affects from the cellular to how the organism is impacted. It will cover the basis of the disease including inheritance and symptoms. Then, how and where the mutation occurs that causes the disease. The paper will then discuss the protein that is involved in the disease and how the mutation affects the production of the protein. The production can either be still functioning, completely shut down, slowed, or part of the protein could still function while the other side does not. The impact of the mutation on the cellular level and the organ system if impacted will be discussed. After this, how the mutation will affect daily life and if the organism can survive to live a normal lifespan will be talked about. Finally the paper will end on the future of the disease and treatments.

The blood grouping systems commonly used include the ABO system that was first described by Karl Landsteiner. The discovery of blood grouping systems helped to avoid unnecessary death emanating from blood transfusion. The basics of blood grouping systems lie behind the inheritance of genes. The possession and inheritance of blood groups attribute to the parents who combine alleles responsible for the blood groups. The parents thus play a pivotal role in determining the blood groups of the offspring. This paper will work towards the discussion of inheritance of human blood groups.

β-thalassemia is a common disorder in China and it has become a global issue.1 The authors study this disease from a genetic engineering approach to have a better understanding of the disease. Also, there is no genetic editing done in past that has successfully correct a homozygous point mutation in human embryo.1 Since in the case with CRISPR-Cas9 system, it can only repair the heterozygous mutation, but not the homozygous mutant embryos due to the lack of wild type alleles in these embryos.1