A Short Note On Cell Lymphomas And Its Clinical Findings With Signs, Symptoms, And Changes

1. Sweating, high temperature, weight loss, fatigue, anemia, and itching all over the body are symptoms of Lymphoma.

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, is the disease that affects children the most and because of the abnormal cells that are immature white blood cells which cannot help the body fight infections cause children with the disease to often get infections and have fevers (National Cancer Institute, 2002, p. 1). The symptoms that the patient with ALL may have depend on the number of abnormal cells of the patient where exactly the cells collect. Children patients with ALL have low amounts of healthy red blood cells and platelets, which cause less oxygen to be carried through the body because of the lack of red blood cells. Patients at times may look pale, feel weak, and tired causing bleeding and bruising very easily because of their lack of enough platelets. This condition is called anemia. Anemia is very much common in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fever, fatigue, bone or joint pain, tiny red spots under the skin called petechiae are a couple of symptoms that the disease ALL has. Headaches with, or without vomiting also may occur if patient happens to have abnormal cells collecting in the brain or spinal cord (National Cancer Institute, 2002 para. 2).

3. Although lymphomas can originate in any of the lymphoid tissues of the body, most originate in the lymph nodes, and most (80% to 85%) are of B-Cell origin. Hypothesize as to why B-cells are more commonly affected than T-cells.

Leukemia broadly describes conditions that affect erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. As with all other cancers, leukemia begins from the mutation of DNA in certain cells. Classifications of leukemias are based on the age of onset and the leukocyte involved (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). The most common leukemia is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), accounting for approximately 30% of cases in the United States (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 222). The normal function of the bone marrow, spleen, and liver becomes interrupted by the invasion of malignant lymphocytes (B cells); since the B cells are functionally inactive, a patient becomes more susceptible to infections. The sluggish progression of CLL unfortunately leads to late diagnoses and poor prognosis (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). Patients that become symptomatic in later stages will experience fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, and an increased susceptibility to infection, due to abnormal antibody production. Patient specific factors such as age, disease progression, and medication side effects will determine the course of treatment (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 223). The fragile state of patients with CLL requires continuous examination of drug therapy and interventions to prevent further complications.

Castleman 's disease is a rare condition characterized by benign, non-cancerous, growths that develop in the lymph node tissue throughout the body. With the exception of the central nervous system (CNS), lymph nodes may be found in every area of the body. Most often, these growths occur in the chest, stomach, and/or neck, but may also be found in the armpit, pelvis, and pancreas. Usually the tumors represent abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes normally found in these areas (About Castleman Disease). The abnormal overgrowth of cells of the lymph system is similar in many ways to lymphomas, which is cancer of lymph nodes (Weerakkody, Y).

There are two extensive classes into which all malignancy types can be isolated: hematological, which are blood-borne diseases and strong tumors, which are the developments depicted previously. Every kind of disease has an extraordinary name, more often than not originating from the range of the body which is fundamentally influenced. For instance, delicate tissue tumors are dangerous developments which happen inside the profound muscle or interfacing tissues all through the body. Melanoma is a sort of skin growth, which influences cells containing skin pigments.

Lymphoma has two categories but the most common is known as Non Hodgkin’s Disease. There are about ten different types of non hodgkin’s lymphomas, some slower or faster growing than others. “One type of non hodgkin’s lymphoma is called Burkitt’s lymphoma. This type of non hodgkin’s lymphoma is most often found in young people between the ages of twelve and thirty” (Freedman 24). Non hodgkin’s lymphoma affects twenty out of every one hundred thousand people in the U.S.

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is most commonly seen in adolescents and young adults of an age range of 15-35, but also in older adults that are 55 and older. It starts when a lymphocyte becomes abnormal and multiplies in to several abnormal lymphocytes. Then white blood cells group around the abnormal cells, then the lymph nodes become swollen. These abnormal cells can spread through the lymph or blood vessels to other parts of the body. Unfortunately, abnormal cells do not help fight off bacteria that enters the body or die like normal cells do when they age or are damaged.

Cancer is defined as the disease caused by an uncontrollable division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. The particular cancer that I️ researched is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) which is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the lymph system. (Lymphoma) The lymph system is a part of the immune system. Lymph tissue is found all throughout the body; therefore, Lymphoma can begin from almost any part of the body since the major sites of lymph tissue are the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, digestive tract, and adenoids and tonsils. (What) “In most cases, it is not known what causes Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.” (Risk) Some risk factors of NHL are beyond our control such as age and gender but usually they are acquired rather than inherited. (Risk) NHL begins in white blood cells called lymphocytes. (What) There are two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes ( B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). B cells normally create antibodies to

Characteristic findings include a well encapsulated mass with varying amounts of hemorrhage, necrosis and cystic changes, which allow for differentiation from other pancreatic neoplasms. The majority of SPNs are benign, but because of the chance of malignancy, the course of treatment is surgical resection of the tumor along with pancreatectomy, splenectomy or pancreatico-duodenectomy. Because sonography is becoming an initial imaging test to investigate vague abdominal pain, sonographers should be aware of SPN as a differential diagnosis, especially in young female

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is diagnosed by symptoms and tests. If symptoms suggest possible Hodgkin’s Lymphoma the doctor will want to know medical history and family’s medical history. Then the doctor will want to run some tests and examine lymph nodes to see if they are swollen. If the lymph nodes are swollen the doctor will rule out an infection and may place the patient on an antibiotic. If the lymph node swelling does not go down and the swelling continues or worsens the doctor will take a small sample of the lymph tissues to test it for

Background: Primary mediastinal large b-cell lymphoma is a rare complication predominantly arises in females. It is usually associated with unique characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. PMBL is likely to contain unique characteristics similar to that of diffuse large b-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.

Cancers arising from the lymph nodes or other sites of lymphoid tissue are broadly termed lymphomas. This group of diseases is divided into Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In both conditions, there is a replacement of normal lymphatic tissue by collections of abnormal lymphoma cells.

Choice “C” is not the best answer. Splenectomy is not indicated in uncomplicated EBV mononucleosis. Laparoscopic splenectomy is indicated for various benign hematologic diseases, malignant hematologic diseases, secondary hypersplenism, and other anatomic disorders of the spleen. Although the use of laparoscopic splenectomy in trauma has been advocated, its role is limited because most hemodynamically stable patients with splenic injuries are successfully treated non-operatively, and unstable patients require emergency laparotomy for control of hemorrhage and to evaluate possible associated traumatic injuries[1].

Spontaneous splenic hematoma is one of the rare and life threatening complication of uremic coagulopathy. The diagnosis of spontaneous splenic hematoma mostly made by imaging either ultrasound or computed tomography. The management of spontaneous splenic rupture or hematoma is not standardised till now due to rarity of this condition. Splenectomy is recommended for those who is hemodynamically unstable or presented with features of shock. This is a case report of spontaneous splenic hematoma due to uremic