A Short Note On Chronic Kidney Disease ( Ckd )

Links available on the National Kidney Foundation Website keep the reader on the site and frequently take them back to the donation page. The Website provides a section for “Professional” users, however, the majority of the area is again written for the general public. One area reviewed provides an “Education and Research” option that takes the professional reader to more technical writing sources contained within the National Kidney Foundation Website. The Merck Manual links allow the reade

There are at least 66,000 Americans awaiting kidneys, while only a tenth of that number of kidneys are transplanted from deceased donors per year (Postrel). The amount of people awaiting organs is rising, and with the shortage of organs that are

Patients require continuous treatments up to 3 times a week as they wait for a kidney transplant, while others are reliant on lifelong dialysis treatments due to their ineligibility of being a transplant recipient. Since wait times for kidney transplants can extend into several months and years, the cost incurred for these patients in relatively high. With the incidence of ESRD on the rise, there is a continuing need to provide services to address it. Healthcare organizations are expected to adapt their healthcare delivery models to address this increase of ESRD pertaining to kidney failure while staying financially viable.

According to University of California (2016), more than 650,000 patients per year in the United States and 2 million patients global are affected by end stage renal disease (ESRD). Number of patient effective by ESRD is increasing every year by 5%. How serious problem it is shows Healthy people 2020. One of the goals of Healthy People 20202 is” reduce new cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications, disability, death, and economic costs.” According to Healthy People 2020 CKD and ESRD are important public health problems in our country and main cause of suffering and poor quality of life of affected people. They are “responsible for premature death and exact a high economic price from both the private and public sectors.” Both diseases are very expensive to treat. Closely 25% of Medicare budget is

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disorder and occurs in the elderly population. In younger patients, it

In the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) report for 2015 there were 661,648 cases of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) at the end of 2013, of which 117,162 cases were newly reported. Of the newly reported cases, 88.2% of individuals with ESRD started renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis (HD) while 9% began peritoneal dialysis (PD), and 2.6% received a kidney transplant.

will cut dialysis costs and save lives, of both patients in need of new kidneys and

“Every twelve minutes another name is added to the national organ transplant waiting list” (Donate life America, 2009) (para. 1&2). The National Center for Health Statistics (2008) website states “652,051 people die every year of heart disease, 75,119 die of diabetes, 43,901 die of nephritis, nephritic syndrome, and nephrosis [kidney disease].”

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is among the leading causes of mortality throughout the world, and its prevalence and the health care costs resulting from it are considerable and increasing. CKD commonly is silent and asymptomatic until its late stages. Accordingly, CKD is diagnosed prior to symptomatic stage of kidney failure, resulting in delays in proper interventions and the emergence of adverse consequences in the CKD patients

The mortality rate of AKI is very high (up to 80% mortality in critically ill children and adults).The incidence rate of AKI has increased in hospitalized patients gradually from 4.9% in 1983 [1] to 20% in 2012 [2].There are more than 35 definitions of AKI [3] which makes the incidence rate varies greatly due to the lack of a standard and Definition. The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) published (RIFLE) criteria (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stag) in 2004 (table1).

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem and has been defined by the presence of injury and / or loss of renal function (glomerular filtration rate - GFR) within 3 (three) months or more, regardless of diagnosis ¹.

Hemo dialysis is the filtration of blood to remove the toxins and it is done three times a week for three to four hours (Sullivan, 2010). This would require a person to have transportation to a dialysis clinic, and they would most likely not be able to hold a job. The second treatment option is peritoneal dialysis which consists of multiple exchanges of dialysate during the day which requires no equipment or by using a cycling machine at night (Sullivan, 2010). This can be done at persons home. If the cycling machine is used, a person is more likely to lead a normal life because the exchanges will be done at night when the person is sleeping. Both of these treatment options would require a surgery to obtain access to perform the dialysis. HD requires a vascular access. With vascular access there can become problems with infection and clotting (Sullivan, 2010). With PD a catheter is implanted into the lower abdomen. There is also the risk of infection and peritonitis with this treatment (Sullivan, 2010). PD may be more cost effective because the people on PD tend to be healthier and require less medications (Sullivan, 2013). The most ideal and cost effective treatment is transplantation (Sullivan, 2010). But even with transplantation there is the risk of rejection, so immunosuppressive medications must be taken for the duration of a person's life. According to the Organ procurement and transplantation network (2013), there are

However, when the kidneys stop working completely, this situation is known as end-stage renal failure (ESRF). There are some diseases may cause chronic renal failure and this essay will focus on two types of these common diseases.

Kidney failure is a public health problem, which has dramatic effects on patients' health. In some