A Short Note On Pulmonary Diseases And Conditions

It results when one or both of these gas-exchanging functions are inadequate . It is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying pathology affecting lung tissue function, 02 delivery, cardiac output, or the baseline metabolic state. It is a condition that occurs because of one or more diseases involving the lungs or other body systems. Symptoms of this is hypoexia and hypercapnia.

Accordingly, to this information of COPD: Coping with COPD from PubMed Health, this article provides the early stages, progression, coping and emergency plan and this disease affects family and friends. It is written answering the question, what to expect from COPD and how to manage this lung disease? A team of health care professionals, scientists and editors, and experts (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 2015), provides education of how this disease may affect daily lives, how to live with this disease and what causes

Pt received AP diameter X-ray to confirm tube placement and to see if there were any kind of infiltrates because of possible aspiration and to eliminate possible pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Findings included mild patchy infiltrates in the right upper to middle lobes. The left lower lobe also has some similar findings but less concerning. This may either be due to lung infection or pulmonary

Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This may lead to the accumulation of fibrous tissue and the fluid will move towards the dependant area and collapse the adjacent lung.

Bronchiectasis is a lung condition which may create breathing problems that produce dramatic effects on how you function on a day to day basis. It causes the airways that bring air both to and from the lungs to widen and become flimsy, slowing the ability of the airway to clear away mucus. After enough time, this will prevent the airways to moving air in and out of the lungs.

This disease disrupts the body’s salt balance leaving too little salt and water on the outside of cells which makes the thin mucus that protects the linings of the airways, digestive system, reproductive system, and other organs and tissues free of germs become thick and sticky thus clogging the airways and damaging the lungs.

Mr. L has pulmonary fibrosis, meaning a build up of scar tissue within the walls of his lungs. This build up of scar tissue makes it harder for him to catch his breath for a number of physiological reasons. Irritation of his lung tissue causes inflammation and then the build up of fibrous tissue. This makes it very difficult for him to maintain adequate gas levels within his body.

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder located on the seventh chromosome. It is a commonly inherited disorder and is seen in children. It is most commonly seen 1 in every 3419 live births to parents who are from white, European descent (VanMeter, Hubert, 2014). Cystic fibrosis is an obstructive lung disease. Thick, sticky mucous obstructs airflow in the bronchioles and small bronchi, causing air to be trapped leading to atelectasis and damage to the bronchiole walls (VanMeter, Hubert, 2014). The abnormally thick secretions, such as tenacious mucus, are caused by several mutations to the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. The excessive amounts of mucus in the lungs obstruct the airways leading to fibrosis

Pulmonary Edema is a condition caused by excess of fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. Pulmonary edema is caused by heart problems. The fluid can accumulate for other reasons, including pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins and medications, trauma to the chest wall, and exercising or living at high elevations. Treatment for Pulmonary Edema varies depending on the cause but generally includes supplemental oxygen and medications. Depending on the cause, Pulmonary Edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Pulmonary Edema can be fatal if not treated.

Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases are caused by different factors. Obstructive lung diseases are most commonly caused by

This can be caused by any medical condition or airway blockage. According to National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2014, Para.1-2), Bronchiectasis is a severe medical condition in which mucous accumulate and stick in the lung airways. Due to mucus accumulation, airway becomes infected and inflamed, which leads to the enlarged airway. Because of this enlargement, more mucus starts to collect which causes severe infection and the airway damage. Mucus is a slimy substance produced by airway to remove inhaled dust particles and bacteria. Bronchiectasis causes the inability of the airway to move mucus. When mucus is not cleared, it causes infection. The airway damage prevents the supply of oxygen to various vital organs. This may cause fatal health problems, such as respiratory failure and heart failure. Bronchiectasis can be acquired or congenital. Acquired bronchiectasis is a result of another condition. This is commonly found in adults. Whereas, congenital bronchiectasis develops in infants and children. There is a defect in the lungs formation during development of the fetus. The acquired bronchiectasis is more common than the congenital bronchiectasis. Early diagnosis and treatment are required to prevent the ill effects of the

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive disease that makes breathing difficult. For people with COPD less air flows in and out of their airways due to a few reasons. One example is the walls between air sacs get destroyed. COPD causes symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and tightness in chest. The leading cause of COPD is smoking but being exposed to lung irritants (i.e. air pollution) can also cause it. COPD symptoms can cause problems in communication, voice, and swallowing. Hoarseness in voice can occur due to medications that treat COPD. Pulmonary diseases like COPD limits breath support and control that is needed for speaking.

LAM shares very similar attributes to a disease known as tuberous sclerosis complex, as it has been found to have direct correlation between TSC1 and TSC2 genes. Tuberous sclerosis is a systematic neoplastic disorder that attacks vital organs within the body such as lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain, etc. It causes benign tumors to form and grow on these tissues, and often results in central nervous system obstruction. LAM carries similar traits, only it is much more concentrated. LAM plagues the lungs with benign tumors that eventually cause sclerosis of the tissues. This results in increased difficulty in aspiration as the lungs struggle to expand and contract. In time, these neoplasms result in cyst formation on the lungs along with muscle hardening. Eventually, lungs can succumb to pneumothorax, or collapsed lung. Pleural effusions may also develop as fluid gathers between damaged spaces within the lungs increasing difficulty of circulation. LAM is not officially diagnosed as a cancer, but it has the almost identical characteristics. It is capable of spreading to other systems within the body at varied rates. Some examples of spreading LAM can be seen with hematuria, when the neoplasms form tumors on the kidney that can eventually lead to kidney failure. LAM may also attack the lymph nodes resulting in enlargement and obstructing the

Table 1. Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases in percent (%) for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population aged 12 or older, Canada (2005).

Healthy lung tissue is predominately soft, elastic connective tissue, designed to slide easily over the thorax with each breath. The lungs are covered with visceral pleura which glide fluidly over the parietal pleura of the thoracic cavity thanks to the serous secretion of pleural fluid (Marieb, 2006, p. 430). During inhalation, the lungs expand with air, similar to filling a balloon.