A Short Note On Syncope Syndrome Is Not Common

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease that mainly affects the apex of the heart and does not cause any obstruction. [1] These abnormalities in the heart muscle can cause a wide variety of symptoms. As the heart becomes stiff it increases the pressure in the left ventricle which can push blood back into the lungs, causing shortness of breath in exercise. Chest pain can occur as there is not enough oxygen available to the cardiac muscle due to insufficient blood supply. Palpitations and lightheadedness, along with other conditions can occur as a result of HCM. In addition to these discomforting symptoms, the patient may develop an arrhythmias that often goes unnoticed. An arrhythmia takes place as the electrical conduction of the heart is disturbed by the abnormal scattering of myocytes. The two most common arrhythmias are atrial fibrillation causing palpitations, and ventricular tachycardia that can be life threatening causing sudden death. Both conditions can be controlled with medication. [4]

I would question as to whether he has any allergies. The heart rate and respiration elevation, and low blood pressure can be present in allergic reactions.

The condition presents itself congenitally. Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome is a diversified congenital abnormality disorder that has numerous amounts of obvious symptoms. Individuals in possession of this disorder have oddities in their facial features, skin and hair, heart, digestive system, growth, and intellectual ability. Typically, they have a large forehead and head, a concave nasal arch, and droopy wide-spaced eyes. This causes them to be astigmatic and have skittish eyes, which can possibly result in abated eyesight and awareness. Their skin awfully lacks moisture and is quite thick. They have very little curly and brittle hair on their head. They also may not have, or only have very little, eyelashes or eyebrows.

Treatment for this condition depends on the cause. It may involve taking blood-thinning medicine, such as aspirin, to reduce the risk of stroke. It may also involve lifestyle changes, such as:

Fackelmann, Kathleen. "Flaws of the heart; sudden death in athletes is often caused by cardiac defects." Science News 3 Aug. 1996: 76+. Academic OneFile. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Since our clinical experience was in the simulation lab, I do not have any background information about my patient. My first time having experience with a bradycardic patient was actually last week during clinicals. He had a heart rate that was consistently in the 40s and he had a pacemaker inserted that day. Risk factors of bradycardia that are modifiable lifestyle changes include smoking, using recreational drugs, alcohol use, high blood pressure and stress. A few complications of untreated bradycardia include inability to pump enough blood throughout the body, frequent fainting spells or even cardiac arrest.

If this were to happen over a long period of time it can lead to an overall decreased cardiac output. Aside from the decreased cardiac output, a potential for blood clots is now present since there is pooling in the atria chambers (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Stress, surgery, lung disease, and hypertension, are just a few concerns that can lead to atrial fibrillation (Cleveland Clinic, 2014) Atrial Fibrillation is divided into three categories: Paroxysmal, which is where heart beat becomes irregular all of a sudden and then corrects itself quickly; Persistent, where the irregular heart rate occurs for more than a week, and either clears up on its own or with treatment; and Permanent, which is where a normal heart rhythm cannot be reestablished with treatment (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). Symptoms of atrial fibrillation can vary depending on the person, and the severity of the dysrhythmia. Because decreased cardiac output over a period of time is something to worry about, it is important to assess the patient for fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, anxiety, syncope, palpitations, chest pain, and hypotension. Some patients are even asymptomatic (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013).

Loss of muscle tone that occurs suddenly due to an emotion or surprise. All the muscles are affected with the exception the muscles that help us breath, and see. Cataplexy can be sever resulting in the patient falling to the ground or feel weak or clumsy that can last for seconds or minutes. Hallucinations may occur at sleep onset or when patient is waking up.

Is the condition where the heart is not pumping the right amount of blood to the rest of the body as it should be

Anomalous coronary arteries currently affect approximately 1% of the population. And due to the lack of frequency in which coronary anomalies occur, interest and ability to research these anomalies is lacking. The issue is that athletes, specifically young healthy athletes, are at large risk of death from coronary anomalies. In fact, anomalies cause 11.8% of deaths in amateur athletes. This has lead to a current increase in research of these anomalies. Coronary anomalies are typically present at birth, but due to their lack of symptoms they are rarely diagnosed. Encompassing a wide spectrum, these anomalies include but are not limited by: separation of the LAD and LC from the valsalva, absent left circumflex, ectopic origin of the RCA, small

Particularly heart beat irregularities (atrial fibrillation), disease of the heart valves, congestive heart failure or recent heart attack.

Syncope is when you lose consciousness and drop to the ground. Syncope may also be called fainting or passing out. It is caused by a sudden drop in blood flow to the brain. While most causes of syncope are not dangerous, syncope can be a sign of a serious medical problem. Signs that you may be about to faint include:

What is POTS? Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a type of dysautonomia1 that affects numerous people around the world. When diagnosing POTS, a Tilt Table test is frequently used and the heart rate of the patient must increase by 30 beats per minute (bpm) or more, or be over 120 bpm, within the first 10 minutes of being placed in the vertical position from the supine position and with an absence of orthostatic hypotension2. Patients affected with POTS may have symptoms that range in severity. Although many POTS patients are able to continue with typical activities, some POTS patients are not able to. For others that are not able to fulfill a normal life, symptoms may be so severe that everyday activities such as bathing, eating, walking, or standing can be difficult or impossible. POTS patients have trouble changing positions because there is decreased blood flow to the brain. When there is decreased blood flow to the brain, it can cause severe dizziness and fainting (Garland). “Many people, who have POTS, experience presyncope. During presyncope episodes, symptoms are similar to a faint but no loss of consciousness is experienced” (Pots-). POTS patients can also have severe pain that is debilitating. Sometimes POTS patients will have other diseases or complications along with POTS that disables them.

Syncope is defined as a loss of consciousness with an inability to maintain postural tone that is followed by spontaneous recovery. This definition excludes seizures, coma, shock, or other states of altered consciousness. Although most causes of syncope are benign, this symptom can have life-threatening results for some people. Syncope is related to fainting. Syncope occurs due to global cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain parenchyma depends on adequate blood flow to provide a constant supply of glucose, which is the primary metabolic substrate. Brain tissue cannot store energy in the form of high-energy phosphates found elsewhere in the body; therefore, a cessation of cerebral perfusion lasting only 3-5 seconds can result in syncope. Cerebral perfusion

In addition, scientists have found that genetics also plays a role in cardiac arrhythmias and that in some cases patients have commented that they had no symptoms before they succumbed to some form of episode of cardiac distress, like a sudden heart attack. This has proven to be standard for many different forms of arrhythmias, whether it’s due to genetics or not. One such case is the long QT syndrome (LQTS) which is estimated to affect one in every 5000 people and is recognized as a family disorder, frequent in children during their childhood years (Wilde, and Bezzina 1352–1358.) Patients with this disorder can have symptoms of a fluttering heartbeat, shortness of breath, and chest pain, while other patients might not experience any symptoms at all (Wilde, and Bezzina 1352–1358.) Another known disorder is cardiac conduction disease, which is mostly due to some form of cardiac injury (Wilde, and Bezzina 1352–1358.) Symptoms for this