A Short Note On The And Spectral Techniques

There are various techniques to separate a mixture of compounds from each other. One of the commonly used way to isolate compounds from a mixture of two compounds is called extraction. This method of extracting two compounds from each other relies on the different solubility of the compounds in two different solvents.

Scientists use an instrument called a spectrometer to quantitatively determine the amount of light absorbed by a solution. The primary inner parts of a typical spectrometer are described below. The spectrometer has a light source that emits white light containing a vast mixture of different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of interest is then selected using a monochromator (“mono” meaning one and “chromate” meaning color) and an additional exit slit. The separation of white light into different colors (wavelengths) is known as diffraction. The selected light then reaches the sample and depending on how the light interacts with the chemical compound of interest, some of the light is absorbed and some passes straight through. By comparing the amount of light entering the sample (P0) with the amount of light reaching the detector (P), the spectrometer is able to tell how much light is absorbed by the sample.

The purpose of this lab is to investigate the composition of a compound suspected to be Panacetin, a type of pain-killer. Panacetin is typically made up of sucrose, aspirin, and acetaminophen, but the third component in this experiment is unknown. The unknown component is suspected to be a chemical relative of acetaminophen, either acetanilide or phenacetin. Using techniques such as extraction, evaporation, and filtration, the three components will be isolated based on their solubilities and acid-base properties. Then, the percent composition of Panacetin can be deduced based on the masses of the three dried components. The

Ratio of the enantiomers in the mixture could be determined from the relation of the enantiomeric excess from the relation:

Quantitative annalise schemes identify chemicals based on their physical and chemical properties. A qualitative analysis, separates

2. Preparative mode: Here the intention of process is to separate large amounts of specific molecule from a mixture. The molecule or substance eluted is of highest purity. The column size, sample size is comparatively large than that of analytical mode.

Determining the identity of unknown compounds in a given solution is an important skill to have. This can be done through a series of steps including extraction, purification, and spectroscopic methods.1

The crude product was identified as 3,3,5 trimethylcyclohexanol based on an analysis of the 1H NMR and IR spectra (Figure 1 and Figure 4). In the IR spectra, a distinct broad OH peak (3356 cm-1) indicates the presence of an alcohol. The peaks of C-H (2952 cm-1), and C-O (1706 cm-1) was hard to identify the crude product due to it being in the fingerprinting region. Using the integration values of 1.11 and 3.27 from the crude product’s 1H NMR spectra, the diastereomeric mixture was identified as a 1:3 ratio of cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol to trans-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol. The TLC results from the flash chromatography of the product fractions (fraction 4-6, Fraction 11-13) showed two distinct products based on the differing Rf values of 0.66 and 0.50, supporting the claim that the product exists as a diastereomeric mixture (Figure 5).The fraction set of 4,5, and 6 were identified as trans-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol while fraction set 11, 12, and 13 were identified as cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol by 1H NMR spectra (Figure 2-3).

In last sentence of third paragraph, Spectra will be gathered. It would be better to say MS spectra or spectra of m/z of cocaine.

The method uses a cotton swab to gather skin chemicals from a cellphone, those chemicals are then analyzed by a machine that “categorizes molecules based on the properties of their

In fact, Essential Oils were Mankind's very first medicine. They have been a part of religion, marriage ceremonies, dating and courtship, cosmetics, and funerary services, medicine, and many other aspects of human life. Although they use of essential oils has evolved over the years, the basic principles remain the same. From the beginning of time, Oils extracted from Aromatic plants have been recognized as the most effective medicine known to mankind. The Egyptians are most often credited with being the first use essential oils. Although there is still some debate, most historians believe that the oils used anciently were not identical to the steam distilled essential oils used today. The oils used by the ancient Egyptians a year to the animal fats and vegetable oils into which the aromatic essential oils from the plants had been extracted-typically by steeping the plant material in the hot oils or fats. Although not as concentrated as are presently used steam distilled oils, they are considered

Chromatography is a separation technique in which the mixture to be separated is dissolved in a solvent and the resulting solution, often called the mobile phase, is then passed through or over another material, the stationary phase. The separation of the original mixture depends on how strongly each component is attracted to the stationary phase. Substances that are attracted strongly to the stationary phase will be retarded and not move alone with the mobile phase. Weakly attracted substances will move more rapidly with the mobile phase.

of being able to analyze multiple samples in a short amount of time. The most efficient way of determining concentration is to prepare a set of standard solutions of known

“Spectrophotometry is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution” ( ChemWiki). Many chemists and biologists use the principles of spectrophotometry in everyday experiments to provide results and insight into what they are presently studying. Created in 1941, the very first spectrophotometer was called the Beckman DU UV-Vis, and was totally affordable. Despite being manual, many scientists quickly saw its meticulous scanning of both visible and ultraviolet light, and purchased one of their own. (Blauch, 2000)

Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde or 3-phenyl-2-propenal is the major constituent of cinnamon oil, extracted from several species of Cinnamomum (C. verum, C. burmanii, C. cassia), under the family Lauraceae, a group of evergreen trees. Cinnamon bark (particularly C. verum) yields 0.4-0.8% oil, which contains 60-80% cinnamaldehyde, 4-5% sesquiterpenoids (α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, limonene and others), eugenol, cinnamyl acetate, eugenol acetate, cinnamyl alcohol, methyl eugenol, benzaldehyde, benzyl benzoate, cuminaldehyde, monoterpenes (linalool, pinene,