Abstract The imbalance between the energy intake and the energy expenditure can overtime lead to obesity, a major global health problem. PP1420 was designed to mimic human natural gut hormone (PP) controlling appetite. The study design of PP1420 embedded the energy intake study in human in laboratory setting is a unique opportunity in order to investigate energy intake studies, and understand how to measure and analyse food intake data in Phase I clinical studies. In this thesis, the student explored the energy intake, fluid intake, and visual analogue scale (VAS) of subjects in the first (8mg of PP1420) and the second (16mg) cohort of the study. The analysis showed no statistically significant change of each meal between visits for all subjects and of individual subject in both cohorts. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) of Energy Intake (EI) of each meal type per visit of the cohort showed low-variance in every meal type of each visit in both cohorts. Although there was also no statistically significant change of total (24-hr) fluid intake across three dosing visits of both cohorts, there were insignificant negative relationships between the fluid intake and the energy intake of all dosing visits in the 1st cohort and of the dosing visit 3 in the 2nd cohort. For VAS score, there is no significant VAS change from baseline among three dosing visits in both cohorts in response to questions about Hunger, Sickness, Satisfaction of Appetite, Fullness, and Prospective Food
In 2009, Lanell Williams-Yulee was a candidate for County Court Judge in Hillsborough County, Florida. She reviewed, approved, and signed a campaign fundraising letter in which she personally asked recipients to donate to her campaign.
The purpose of this lab is to gain knowledge and understanding of the scientific principle of RER, using indirect calorimetry to measure caloric expenditure, including the caloric equivalent and to understand the concepts behind estimating oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure from heart rate, including the limitations. In addition the purpose was to learn skills of how to measure and graph the linear relationship between heart rate and VO2 and then determine the regression equation line and to estimate the caloric expenditure from VO2, heart rate, and caloric equivalent values.
The field of nutrition science has yet to understand many factors that allow it to optimize nutrition for every-body. The very nature of the human body is subjective; it cannot be narrowed down to one factor, as science demands and varies from person to person. Pollan (2008) further delineates this point in his critique of reductionist science saying: “there is nothing very machinelike about the human eater, and to think of food as simply fuel is to misconstrue it” (p.
From Bogalusa Heart Study, came about a research scientific study on physical activity and dietary behaviors, conducted by Dr. Russell Jago, and colleagues. The research focused on energy imbalance and examining relationships between the dietary and physical activity behaviors of young adults. The claim is that obesity is due to an energy imbalance, in other words, more intake in calories is increasing, but, the energy of burning them off isn’t increasing trending along. The reason behind the study is to collect enough information to have successful outcomes of obesity prevention. The study conducted a sample size of just a little over a thousand participants with an age group ranging from 19-37 years, within the range seventy-six percent
In the scientific method lab, I explored the different food options for mice in order to find the best one that will help them gain weight. To succeed in this lab, I needed to examine several types of foods including fruits, raw meat, cooked and uncooked foods. In this experiment I used cooked macaroni as a positive control and for the negative control I didn’t feed the mice any food, only water. The main objective of this study was to determine the best solution that will help me understand the metabolism of mice. All mice used in this study were given the same resources, but the only difference was the different types of foods fed to the mice to understand the changes of weight gain or loss between the mice.
This paper was prepared for HPE Nutrition 225 (Mindless Eating Book Report) taught by Mr. Ray Poteet
Energy is essential for survival, and the human body is remarkably efficient at utilizing different energy sources. The body can obtain energy from glucose when consuming a normal carbohydrate diet, or from ketone bodies when consuming a ketogenic diet. This is an alternative source of energy that the body will use when 5% (or less) of total kcal come from carbohydrates. Metabolic processes differ depending on the energy source. One application of understanding the metabolic processes is the imprevment of glycemic control and stop of medications use under a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. with type II diabetes can
When analyzing the comparison of the percentages intake of carbohydrates, the dietary recommended intake (DRI) in iprofile was 45-65%. The outcome of the three-day process displays that I am within an acceptable range of 57%. However, the foods that were part of the three-day diet consisted of various carbohydrates such as complex, simple, and fiber. Despite, that many people try to avoid or cut starches, they are vital to an individual health for several reasons. However, the body used carbohydrate as the primary source for providing energy, to protect against diseases, controlling weight, which all factors are important in a healthy diet (Mayo Clinic, 2016). An importance of carbohydrates in the diet, it can easily store in both the muscles and liver for future use and plays a role in the organs such as the kidneys, brain, and the heart for operating properly (Medline Plus, 2016).
Donald Trump’s meteoric political rise during the Presidential Election of 2016 put attention on the media and the way they covered the election and will forever change both politics and media going forward. The media was shown to be a bias, ratting chasing, and corrupt extension of the political parties. We will encompass the entire campaign from the June 2015 announcement that he was running, covering the primaries, then to the convention, along the path of the general campaign, and finally in the post-election coverage. We will look at the financials, the main stream medias role, and changes that are necessary going forward.
In the article “Understanding the mechanisms of food intake and obesity”, Professor E.T Rolls from University of Oxford claim that eating energy-dense foods (high-fat foods) may not allow gastric distension to contribute sufficiently to satiety. Because of this, the energy density of foods may be an important factor that influences how much energy is consumed not only in a meal, but also in the longer term, and there are differences between individuals in whether they become obese on a high-fat diet. Indeed, it is notable that obese people tend to eat foods with high energy density, and to visit restaurants with energy-dense foods. It is also a matter of clinical experience that gastric emptying is faster in obese than in thin individuals, so that gastric distension may play a less effective role in contributing to satiety in the
The participants are selected randomly; they are healthy overweight women form age 25 to 50 years old. The women are divided into two groups. One group is provided with traditional food, which means that the participants select their own food using the USDA Food Guide Pyramid. The other group is putting on meal replacement, which means that these participants have to replace two or three of their meals per day with study meal replacement drinks or bars. Moreover, all participants of the study are excepted to follow an energy restricted diet of 5400KJ per day. Although participants in both groups don’t have much weight loss difference, the group eating fortified meal replacements present more essential nutrient intake compare to the other group. This study main goal is to encourage health care providers to help patients to increase weight losses and incorporating fortified foods in their
The nutritional-metabolic pattern depicts characteristics of the family’s typical food and fluid consumption and metabolism (Gordon, 2007). In this particular family, all members follow a well balanced diet. They prefer homely food which is freshly prepared. They are very particular to include traditional Indian food in their daily diet. The family is not having adequate fluid intake in their daily life.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide and its prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate (Barness et al, 2007). For thousands of years obesity was rarely seen, it was not until the 20th century that it became common, some much so that in 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic (Caballero, 2007).
Moses the raven is the Mr. Jones's favorite animal on the farm. He's always telling the other animals that there is an amazing place, and it's called …….. This mysterious place is where all the animals that are sick and dying go to……..The pigs didn't like Moses because they thought he was always lying. One day out of the blue Moses disappeared chasing Mrs. Jones. Several years later he just showed on the farm again once the battle of the windmill started. The pigs still thought that he was a liar. Once Moses started spreading rumors about Sugarcandy Mountain the pigs started making him pan an allowance of a gill of beer.(http://www.shmoop.com/animal-farm/moses-raven.html)
Although the investigation was able to provide more knowledge and understanding regarding the relationships between energy, activity levels and carbohydrate intake in order to contribute towards a solution to the problem of obesity, there were many limitations to this experiment that needed to be considered. For the personal data, the dietary observations collected over the two experimental days were not substantial to represent their lifestyle as a whole. Studies led by Burke et al., (2001) demonstrated that individuals can make inaccurate reports in various ways such as altering their dietary intake during period of recording, omitting or underestimating their intake and quantification errors of their consumption. As the group data was a collation of individual’s two-day dietary records, variability and inaccuracy increased considering the wide range of influences each individual may have been subjected to. There were 359 females and 195 males involved in the