A Study Of Intactness Of Adoptive Families And Behavioral Problems Of Older Children

Many adoptees feel out of place, they struggle finding a place to settle and when they do they often times feel as though they need to work to prove their worthiness. As an adoptive shield grows he as long The begins to question. He question why his birth parents didn 't want him and why he wasn 't good enough for them. He may begin to wonder why he act and looks the way he does. Being an adoptee can cause crippling anxiety, in the case of Lesli Johnson, " I went to therapy for the first time when I was 6 years old because I had begun to suffer from sleep issues and crippling separation anxiety from my mom." ( Johnson ). An adopted child has the right to know their birth parents; so that they can have some sense of self worth and identity, they can learn something of their past, and find acceptance in the way things are.

Adopting a child of another race is of special interest, and should be carefully considered. Many questions regarding the background of minority children need to be answered before following through with an interracial adoption. For instance, Should minority-group children be adopted by parents of another race? Can the parents provide the racial and ethnic identity that children need to cope with racism? Are cultural experiences and racial identity important to the well being of a child? Are these children better off than they would be if left to live in the foster-care or institutional system? Does placing the child with the same race discriminate against the child? Will these children experience any long term disadvantages if adopted outside their race. As the study shows, many questions should be answered before considering a transracial adoption.

Around the age of two to six activity, nonstop questions, and fears. Throughout adolescents’ lifetime they will experience separation and identity formation. Finally, at adolescence the questions will come, who am I and where am I going. The hope of the research on this topic is to better understand the stages and effects of attachment in adopted children and the need to develop better solutions to each stage and effect. Do you think that the age of a child at the time of adoption affects their ability to bond? Do male children attach easier to the caregiver than female children? Does culture have an effect on a child’s ability to bond? Does a child of a particularly race have a more difficult time bonding with parents of a race other than there own? By examining this particular topic of Attachment in Adopt Children it will hopefully open up a better understand of some of the particular disorders and stages the children at any age during and after adoption go though. It will help caregivers and family have a better in site as to what the child might be going

A fifth source that will convey the psychological effects that open adoption has on the adopted child is the book, Psychological issues in adoption written by David M. Brodzinsky and Jesus Palacious. This source will give the reader insight on the effects than an open adoption has on the child that was adopted. This source will allow the reader to see real testimonies of children that were adopted through an open adoption, and will also allow the reader to better understand open adoption from the child’s point of

The authors of this journal issue discuss their research findings on the effects of adoption on children through open and closed systems. In this article there is perspectives from all three parties involved with the adoption process and research from years later showing what has affected them through out their lives. Also in this article there is some historical information about how the open and closed systems were formed and how open adoption is a more effective than closed adoption.

To the thousands of children in foster care, adoption means being part of a family. Adoption signifies a chance to be loved, wanted, and cared for properly. Every year thousands of children enter the foster care system. In the year 2010 alone, 245,375 children entered foster care, of that number over 61,000 were black. An astounding 30,812 black children were waiting for adoption in 2010 (AFCARS). With so many children needing homes, it would seem their adoption would be open to any and all loving families, yet this is not the necessarily the case. Transracial adoption, which traditionally alludes to black children placed with white families, is riddled with difficulties. While transracial adoption can be a successful solution, many

Perhaps the main concern for transracial adoptees concerning their racial situation involves their sense of identity, divided between racial and personal (Deberry 2377). One study worth mention concerning racial identity used the Clark and Clark Doll Test, which features two dolls with dark and light skin, and found only a seven percent difference between the black identification of transracial black adoptees to inracial black adoptees (Morrison 182). Regarding personal identities, outcome studies suggest that TRAs are not necessarily more prone than same-race adoptees or nonadoptees to emotional or behavioral problems, low self-esteem, or maladjustments (Lee 4). During a twenty year follow-up on Chinese children adopted transracially to Britain, the researchers concluded that adoptees and nonadoptees developed self-esteem and social adjustment on the same level (Lee 4). A study in 1977 that interviewed transracially adopting parents throughout the United States found their black children emotionally healthy (Morrison 181). A second concern for the psychological and social effects of TRA considers whether a transracially adopted child adjusts well into a racially different environment. According to a 1983 study, racial differences do not inhibit transracial adoptees from developing typical relationships any less than inracial adoptees (Morrison 182). Furthermore, racial differences may strengthen the parent-child relationship, as it “reinforces that the family’s foundation is based on bonds of relationship, not…biology” (Morrison 188). Studies have indicated the healthy racial identities, the healthy personal identities, and the relationship enabling of racial differences as proof of psychological and social benefits of transracial

As parents begin the adoption process it is common to feel anxious about the emotional bond that must be created and many times will choose a closed adoption in order to “cut all ties” with the biological mother. Some parents worry how that secrecy will affect the child later in life and chooses to keep an open relationship with the birthmother. Furthermore, adoption is a delicate process and parents should be aware on how adoption has been associated with the feeling of abandonment that leads to the later struggle of the child’s understanding their identity.

Transracial adoption is has been a source a controversy for decades. Opponents of transracial adoption worry that the adopted children will struggle with racial identity and that it promotes “cultural genocide”, while those on the opposite spectrum of transracial adoption seem to take a position of being “color-blind” coupled with the idea that “all you need is love.” Transracial adoption is

The adoptive family may ignore or make little effort to incorporate into the family the cultural heritage of the adopted child (Adamec,136). This decision to leave the culture behind, outside the family, does not suggest that the child is neither accepted nor loved or cherished as their own. However, when the adoptive family also adopts and embraces the cultural identity of the child's birth culture, it enriches not only the adopted child but also the entire family and extended family as well. Another factor is attachment is the child’s age when they were adopted. The older the child when adopted, the risk of social maladjustment was found to be higher (Simon, 188). Most children when adopted at younger ages have a better chance to adjustment normally, than children adopted over the age of ten. An infant learns to trust quicker, than a ten-year old child does, but all of this depends on each case. Developmental theorist Eric Erikson, discusses trust issues in his theory of development. Erikson's first stage of development is “Trust versus Mistrust”, which states “if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust” (Myers, 149). For an adopted child, placing the child early in a key ingredient to successful attachment of child to parent and vice versa (Cox, 1). Such an attachment, which is strong among the majority of families throughout the paper, is an important

In contrast, people who realize that the child forms a different ethnicity or color during the adoption process which they aren’t aware of, are most likely to confront this issue. Feelings jammed with animosity will be exchanged between different races, once parents deal with their adoptee who is different than them in a race in a cruel way. From the 1600s to 1700s white women who birthed a biracial child were obligated to either pay a fine or face slavery for five years for the mother herself and thirty years for the child (Lindsey, 2012). Adopting parents might be frightened from the unknown and can paralyze their adopting process, especially when the child is different in the race. In brief, transracial adoption is riddled with difficulties

adoptive parents of young people in public care, who have been rejected, neglected and abused. Educational and Child Psychology. 34. 74-95. Retrieved December 3rd, 2017 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319270527_Child_psychology_beyond_the_school_gates_Empowering_foster_and_adoptive_parents_of_young_people_in_public_care_who_have_been_rejected_neglected_and_abused.

“When examining the dynamics of adoptive families, two concepts stand out — strength and vulnerability” (Johnson & Steele, 1999). Vulnerability is the driving force of connection. It’s brave. It’s tender. It’s impossible to connect without it. Strength gives the need to want to be strong. Being “in control” implies strength, while being “out of control” implies vulnerability. “Parents who sense they have been sacrificed the well-being of their birth/previously adopted children in attempting to meet special needs of their adopted child may feel vulnerable, and they may communicate this feeling of insecurity and ambivalence to their youngsters” (Rosenberg 1992). “The adoption of a child with special needs may be more likely to disrupt when the

The central family structure present in the film The Blind Side is an adoptive family. The term ‘adoptive family’ refers to a family in which parents or guardians have legally obtained parental rights of a non-biological child. Parents can adopt a domestic newborn, adopt a child from a foster residence or adopt internationally. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare defines adoption as “Adoption is one of a range of options used to provide care for children who cannot live with their birth families. It is the process whereby the legal relationship between a child and their biological parents is severed, and the legal rights of the child are as if he/she had been born to the adoptive parents.” Adoptive parents are

Child Adoption has been around for centuries. According to The Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, the most recent number of national adoptions was last collected in 1992 and has not been collected since. The reason for this is that it is not legally required. In 1992, the number of adoptions that occurred in the U.S. was around 127,000. In total, there are 1.5 million children that are adopted in the U.S., which accounts for over 2% of all U.S. children (Donaldson, 2008). My sister’s adoption is considered to be transracial. That is when children are placed into a household that is of a different race. Only 8% of the total amounts of adoptions are transracial, which is pretty shocking to me. The website also offered the percentages of the most common ages that children are usually adopted. The most common age that children are adopted is under 1 year old, which is about 46%. Next are ages 1-4 at 43%, 5-9 years old at 8%, and over 9 years old which is only 3% (Donaldson, 2008). After reading these statistics, I decided to further research how the children of these varying ages may adapt as they are adopted at different ages.