A Study Of Microbial Theory

In everyday life we run into millions of microbes. Some of the bacteria is capable of making humans sick. The study of microbes has become very important subject to help stop potential pandemics and ensure proper hygiene. Anthony van Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist who discovered bacteria. In my study of microbiology, I got to choose an unknown bacteria to identify. It is important to start off finding the family of the unknown bacteria and then eliminating one by one the species to know which bacteria it is. By knowing the family, a scientist can save themselves a lot of time by knowing which tests need to be performed for the elimination process. This might seem like a waste of time to one but being able to correctly identify bacteria

Microbes are necessary for life to exist. "Without microbes, decomposition cannot take place" (Chivukula, 2015). Photosynthesis and decomposition are vital to the ecosystem to ensure that life can exist, and both use microbial activity to provide energy and nutrients. Photosynthesis must take place to convert light into chemical energy for organic material. Decomposition uses microbial activity to breakdown

In this lab, we examined protist survival in different communities. An biological community is a community where two or more species coexist in

Gut microbiota is a complex community of micro-organism species that live within the digestive tract. It is the largest reservoir of micro-organisms mutual to both humans and animals. The Gut microbiome consist of as many as 1,000 types of bacteria. The microbiome also consists of as many as 10 times the amount of cells and roughly as many as 150 times as many genes as the human genome contains. The microbiome has a symbiotic relationship with its human host and it co-evolves. The gut microbiome is a finely tuned eco-system, but its development depends on a number of factors, such as:

Microbes are bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The earth was formed 4.6 million years ago. And a few million years later, by 3.5 billion years ago, earth was already inhabited by a diversity of organisms. The earliest organism is Prokaryotes and within the next billion years, two distinct groups of prokaryotes called bacteria and archaea diverged. Eukaryotes cell evolved from a prokaryotes community, a host cell containing even smaller prokaryotes .The microbial world accounted for all known life forms for nearly 50 to 90% of Earth's history. We are still researching microbial organisms today in marine environment, extreme environments. A microbial observatory is an NSF-funded project dedicated to the discovery and characterization of novel microorganisms and microbial communities of diverse

There are major effects in the United States and Europe to help identify the role of microbial communities in the human body. The colon requires a balance of microbial agents that assist with various functions of the body. An imbalance can lead to C.diff., irritable bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), neurological disorders, and obesity just to list a few. Many of these problems have grown to an epidemic proportion. Both the United States and Europe have started projects aimed at the microbial communities of the body and their roles in our health.

Unique microbiota could suggest a human’s current health or if there is any forthcoming chronic disease (Ley, 2006). Families with shared healthy microbes may be able to help relatives who suffer from gastrointestinal disease; but the extant to which the microbiome is shared across generations is not readily known and more research is needed. The core trends for current research revolve around control of obesity, treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as Crohn’s, and hormonal manipulation in cases of depression. It is imperative to learn to eat for optimal health, to evolve along with the commensals (Turner et al., 2013) as human diets influence diversity of microbes present (Ley et al., 2008). This is a relatively new field with exciting prospects of positive outcomes for some of society’s more chronic

We know currently essential information about microbiomes to help us understand the human body a little better. The skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, colon, gut, and vagina are composed of microbial communities. Collectively, the gut has the most information. Information pertaining to these body parts however, are limited simply because each individual is unique This makes each body just as unique as the person. (The Scientist Staff) It is in still in question whether we are functionally redundant between community members, and what kind of factors are influencing this. (Turnbaugh)

He doesn’t stop at humans; however, he stretches to the farthest reaches of the animal kingdom from the common mouse to a multitude of insects. Yong explains how microbes facilitate, and for some are critical to, reproduction, digestion and other functions to the survival of all species, not just humans. As each page of the book is flipped, Yong provides a new approach in which to view the microbial world. It is almost as if he is giving you a new pair of glasses that can see not only the microbes around and on us, but also how they affect us.

Symbiotic relationships are those that evolve between two organisms that interact in a specific manner with each other. These can range from being facultative, where the relationship is not required by either organism, to interactions that are obligate and are required by both organisms to facilitate survival. There are many mechanisms and processes that bacteria and their hosts can use to initiate and maintain symbiotic interactions and a few examples will be described in this report.

Species composition of bacteria in the gut is highly personalised and mostly determined by environment and diet. The proportion of each species changes throughout life and the elderly have a significantly different microbiome. The introduction of antibiotics through the course of life alters the variation and presence of bacteria via elimination, altering the species richness and evenness of the microbiome.

The gut microbiota encompasses trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (Carding et al. 2015). The composition of the gut microbiota is constantly evolving and can be susceptible to both endogenous and exogenous modifications (Carding et al. 2015). The microbiota

This theory developed by Joseph Francis states that microbes and viruses were created as a link to macro-organisms to provide a substrate upon which all macro-organisms can survive and thrive in ecosystems (Francis). The evidence of this can be seen in symbiotic relationships between microbes and macro-organisms that provide the macro-organisms the ability to live and thrive. An example of this would be the intestinal microbes in humans that provide digestive enzymes, vitamins, and other nutrients that are vital to the health of the human (Francis). Another example would be nitrogen fixing bacteria that promote plant growth. This would include Burkholderia phymatum and Cupriavidus taiwanensis with Mimosa plants. (Geoffrey et al., 2006). Also, Francis mentions the Rhizobium bacterium which also fixes nitrogen for plant use (Francis). Without these microbes, the macro-organisms would not be able to function to their best capability and could possibly cause the breakdown of all life

Discussion The purpose of the paramecium study was to observe how two species, P. aurelia and P. caudatum, interacted with each other. Could the two species coexist? Or would one dominate the other. Twice daily for two weeks each ecology lab sections counted the paramecium stock.

But what are their limits? How unforgiving and brutal does an environment need to be before microbes die? Researchers still don’t know, as they’ve detected chemical life signs from 4 kilometers below the floor of the ocean.