A portion of (2–3 mg) from the partially purified polysaccharide powder was mixed with KBr then pressed into a disk. The whole infrared spectrum was analyzed at a scan range of 4000–400 cm-1. Thirty scans were taken with 4 cm-1 resolution. CO2 and H2O corrections were incorporated. Reproducibility of the normalized spectra was ±2%. (Shanthi et al., 2014).
3.16. Testing isolates probiotic properties
3.16.1. Blood hemolysis
Hemolysis test was performed according to the method described by Guttmann and Ellar (2000). Overnight cultures of isolated Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae were streaked on blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Blood agar plates were examined for signs of hemolysis. Blood hemolysis test was performed in duplicates.
3.16.2. Resistance to low pH
Isolates Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae were tested for their ability to resist low pH values as follow, 25 ml of sterile MRS broth adjusted to pH 6.4, 4, 3 and 2 was inoculated using 1% (v/v) of an overnight culture, then incubated at 37ºC for 6 h. The absorbance at 620 nm was monitored using spectrophotometer (Unico, USA) at hourly intervals (Nawaz et al., 2011).
3.16.3. Bile salts tolerance
The selected isolates were examined for their ability to grow in presence of different concentrations of bile salts. The two concentrations 0.1% and 0.3% (w/v) were used for this purpose. An aliquots of 20 ml sterile MRS broth supplemented with 0, 0.1% and 0.3% bile salts were inoculated with
allow one substance to pass through the membrane quicker than others. In this study, we conducted tests on canine blood samples to examine the effects of molecular weight has on the permeability across the cell membrane. According to Fick’s Law, the rate of diffusion is relative to the concentration gradient. Therefore, we hypothesized that molecular weight has no effect on the time it takes to reach hemolysis.
The blood samples were stored on ice before the tests were conducted. When mixed with
In this study, an unknown bacteria was assigned and had to be identified through biochemical tests. After preparing a working plate, a Gram staining test, a catalase test, and a RBC hemolysis test were done for the identification. The Gram staining resulted in the unknown bacteria being a Gram-positive coccus because of the blue coloration and a spherical shape under the microscope. The catalase test was negative because the bacteria did not utilize catalase to breakdown H2O2. The blood agar used
Background: Hemolysis is a fact in all extracorporeal circuits being used, as investigated and published by many manufacturing companies of commonly utilized capital equipment such as oxygenators and cannulae. Suggested pressure gradients are then established for the protection of blood and hemostasis of the patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Typically aortic cannulas exert higher flows through a small opening and therefore have been recommended to be limited to a pressure drop of 100 mmHg
destruction of red blood cells when an immune response directly or indirectly targets red blood cells of all ages[ 2]. IMHA can be caused by various factors, but categorized in two ways. IMHA can be an idiopathic autoimmune event (primary IMHA) or associated with trigger factors (secondary IMHA) such as imbalance of immune cells caused by another underlying disease, toxin, drug, or vaccine [3]. The most common clinical signs of IMHA may be acute or chronic, depending upon the rate of hemolysis. If the patient
REACTION IN A WOMAN WITH ANTI-Fyb
Case study by Jim Perkins
1) What is the differential diagnosis of fever at the time of transfusion?
If a patient experiences fever after or during having a blood transfusion, it could be caused by the blood transfusion itself or the patient has an illness, which is causing the fever. It is not uncommon for a patient undergoing a blood transfusion to experience a fever due to febrile non-hemolytic reaction (FNHTR) caused
E. coli, Bacteria (Domain), Proteobacteria (Phylum), Gammaproteobacteria (Class), Enterobacteriales (Order), Enterobacteriaceae (Family), Escherichia (Genus), coli (Species), is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, with optimum growing temperatures at 37° C. This bacterium is commonly found in the lower intestines of warm-blooded animals. E. coli makes up about 0.1% of gut flora and most strains are harmless. Some are part of the normal gut flora and help their host by producing
independent study of numerous biochemical tests. The tests gave physiological information about the morphology, type of respiration, energy sources, and metabolic processes. The test results indicated the bacteria was Escherichia coli.
Materials & Methods
Unknown microorganism (#33) was obtained
aerobic exercise. As a result athletes should be careful to consume and retain sufficient iron to prevent their bodies to become iron deficient. Athletes spend many hours training and performing sports, as a result their bodies sweat, and undergo hemolysis of erythrocytes. This great stress situation affects their potential for using or maintaining iron levels at their normal
Infectious diseases are the result of a failed relationship between the parasite and the host. It’s the outline of the vectors of both agents and ranges in harshness from human rabies to the common cold. The improvements of vaccines, medicines, public services, and improved nutrition have helped decrease the amount of infectious diseases that causes death in our world. The advance in therapeutics and consequent alteration of the host defense mechanisms have had a huge increase on the incidence of
INTRODUCTION: DIFFUSION OF DYE THROUGH AGAR GEL
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. The rate at which molecules diffuse can be determined by the relationship of molecular weight and that rate of diffusion through a membrane. Hypothesis of this experiment is that the fluid with higher molecular weight will diffuse at a slower rate and distance.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: DIFFUSION OF DYE THROUGH AGAR GEL
In order to assimilate