A Study On Inverted Topography

With our observation of the Shawangunk formation, we see a sedimentary rock formation containing a range of grain size. Such sizes range from pebbles (3cm-5cm), fine-grain sand, and medium-grain sand. There is some grading towards the bottom left of the outcrop known as a reverse grading with some small cross beds present (Figure 2). The grading occurs towards a slight part of the outcrop where we see the grading beginning as fine grain sediments and working up to coarser grain. With moderate sorting we see variations of degree of sorting per bed. As the degree of sorting varies as does the sphericity. The sediment bedding is well seen ranging in sizes of +/--20 cm to 40 cm. This outcrop has thick beds as one can see the basic units with cracks in between each (Figure 3). With mostly tabular beds consisting of sub-angular, and sub-rounded sediments, this outcrop also consists of some ventricular beds (Figure 4). When looking at figure 4, we have a small space of a ventricular bed present. This is because the bed comes in, pinches thicker bedding,

The site is of major geoconservation significance because of being the only place on earth where rocks from the earth’s mantle - 6 km

Next, we can see that the rock displays a subtle porphyritic texture with plagioclase comprising the phenocrysts. The overall texture of the surrounding groundmass is granoblastic equigranular. Under thin section we also see a weakly defined foliation evidenced in the preferential alignment of actinolite grains and to a lesser extent chlorite grains. Undulose extinction is also observed in quartz indicating the rock was subject to deformation. The normalized quartz, alkali-feldspar, and plagioclase (QAP) values of this rock indicate that it is classified as a grano-diorite according to the IUGS QAPF classification system which is consistent with the hand sample interpretation.

Sedimentary rocks interpret dinosaur habitats through encased environmental structures of the past. Through sedimentary rocks, paleoecologists’ can examine the arranged formation of sedimentary structures to specify what type of environment the dinosaurs’ lived in. An example of a specific sedimentary rock structure can be seen through formed weathering and ripple marks by how wind and sand formed distinct patterns in the past layered sediment. These arrangements provide interpretations on the structure of the sediment and the habitat of encased fossils, through modern day comparisons

Weathering, geologic processes such as erosion, and climatic shifts allow for this immense desert ecosystem to continually evolve and change which has taken place for millions of years. This geologically wealthy environment is composed of alternating flat-lying layers of soft and hard deposits of mostly sedimentary rocks. Interchanging slopes and cliffs along the landscape helped form these layers of rock which can be seen fully exposed in areas of the mesa. Deposition of this landscape mainly occurred during the Permian, Pennsylvanian, Triassic and Jurassic time periods. The assortment of warm hues of sandstone were produced by varying levels of iron oxide minerals during formation.

At the nearby valley wall, there is a distribution of rock lithology including mostly Limestone. The roundness of the samples is all angular, with a mean size of 8.325 cm in diameter. However, the stream bank has more clastic rock samples which have a rounder shape and a smaller mean size of 7.975 cm. These contrasting sections are between alluvium and colluvium data where the alluvium

Egypt is also known for its statues depicting various gods and tombs for its numerous pharaohs. Their architectural prowess is a feat marveled at even today. The ability to design and build such grand monuments such as the iconic pyramids of Giza, rivalling even the Mayan and Aztec temples of South and Central America, reveals the true nature of innovation in Egypt. In fact, even without modern tools of measurement, the Great Pyramid, the largest tomb in Egypt, is almost geometrically perfect. For such a large structure, the length of all four sides at its base differ by less than a foot (McKenty 1).

In a single sentence Smith (2011) uses Kevorkian’s objective of organ harvesting and medical research in an obscure and biased context. By linking the reputation of “the doctor of death”, Jack Kevorkian, and his famous “right to die” campaign, with his support of organ harvesting and medical experiments in the article, At the Bottom of the Slippery Slope, Smith (2011) was able to draw on the emotional reactions of people who, when it comes to the issue of death, are highly polarized. Regardless of what issue of death society is facing, be it abortion, capital punishment, or assisted suicide, the vast majority has openly strong opinions that are a direct reflection of their ethics. In this case Smith (2011) publicly used the well-known controversial

About 7,700 years ago, Mount Mazama erupted on itself after building upon itself and reaching an impressive height of 12,000 feet. The aftermath of the collapse left a crater more than 2000 feet deep and 6 miles wide (Reichmann)! The rocks and minerals from the Mount Mazama

is characterized by increased sediment yield from hillslopes destabilized by vegetation change resulting from climatic warming and drying (Bull, 1991; McFadden and McAuliffe, 1997). In the Zuni Salt Lake piedmont area, vegetation change and hillslope runoff-sediment yield during this transition would have been further disrupted by pyroclastic airfall and wildfires associated with eruptions at Zuni Salt Lake maar and Cerro Pomo cinder cone during the ~13.5¬–11.5 ka interval (Appendix A). Rates of fan deposition immediately after the eruptions were probably quite accelerated; however, by ~10.3 ka (the age of the oldest piedmont fan deposits exposed), fan aggradation was not particularly high (~2 m/ka). Early Holocene valley floodplains in the Carrizo Wash watershed, at least after ~9 ka, are characterized by slow aggradation of clay-rich alluvium. This suggests that most sediment eroded from the upland slopes during the early Holocene was stored on piedmonts as alluvial fan deposits, with a relatively minor amount of fine sediment reaching the valley floors. Early Holocene floodplains were therefore probably relatively stable, slowly aggrading, and densely vegetated

Lacustrine deposits at profiles 13-6 and 13-5, located within the maar crater near its eastern wall, occur at elevations of 1921.5 ± 0.2 m and 1919.4 ± 0.2 m, respectively. The profile 13-6 deposits are ~25 m higher than the modern lake level (1895.9 m) and ~10 m higher than highstand deposits at ~1911 m previously documented and radiocarbon dated by Bradbury (1967) on the northeast flank of the west cinder cone. The ~1921.5 m lacustrine deposits in the eastern part of the crater thus appear to represent the highest documented level of ZSL. Although Bradbury (1967:Figure 13) apparently also documented the same lacustrine highstand deposits as we did at profiles 13-5 and 13-6, it appears he mapped them ~50 m west (and downslope) of their actual location. We were able to more accurately plot their location and elevation using a

Many people recognize the pyramids of Egypt as some of the greatest treasures of the old world. But most people don't wonder where the ancient Egyptians got the idea from. There were many cultures and civilizations before Egypt that could've influenced the idea of massive pyramids, but most think that one civilization in particular, the Sumerians, had the most influence on the pyramids that stand today, because of their pyramid like ziggurats. The Egyptians probably did base the pyramids off of the Sumerian ziggurats, because they had the same basic structure, the ancient Sumerians had lots of influence on Egypt at the time, and they both displayed the same symbols and meanings for their people.

The two possible outcomes for the AS being positively sloped are the profit effect and the misperception effect. The profit effect are the output prices that will rise relative to the input prices. The misperception effect is when the produces can be misled by thinking that the relative prices of the items which they are producing are rising and they mistake the increase in the production.

Desert’s were good places to find archaeological remains because there are a few plants to cover them up, and winds blow away the topsoil. Some of the things you can find are Flint

In the deserts of Egypt lie the colossal remains of an ancient civilization. These enormous works of human endeavor are the only member of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World that time has passed down to us. These are, of course, the great pyramids of ancient Egypt. But these imposing structures were not built to impress civilization millennia down the road. The pyramids in fact had a purpose to the ancient Egyptians. While they seem very simple in nature, as they are simply four-sided pyramids with square bases, they had a meaning for those that had them built. Even by today’s standards, the pyramids of ancient Egypt were an impressive feat of engineering, due to their enormous size, both in building materials and finished product.